Kutheni ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo ibaluleke ngakumbi kwiitonela nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba?

• Kwiitonela, ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo ixhasa umyalelo nolawulo olukhawulezileyo xa iinethiwekhi zikawonke-wonke okanye iirediyo eziphathwayo zingathembekanga.
• Iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka zibonakale, ziqine, kwaye ziqondakale kakuhle xa kukho ingxolo ephezulu, kwaye zingabonakali kakuhle.
• Ucwangciso olusekelwe kwimigangatho, indawo echanekileyo, kunye novavanyo lubalulekile njengesixhobo ngokwaso.
• Kubathengi beprojekthi, inkqubo efanelekileyo ilinganisa ukusinda, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa negumbi lolawulo.

Kutheni ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo ibaluleke ngakumbi kwiitonela nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba? Kuba unxibelelwano lweetonela kufuneka lusebenze kwindawo apho i-acoustics, ukufikelela, kunye neziseko zophuhliso zonke zisebenza ngokuchasene nemisebenzi yokuhlangula, kwaye isiseko sobunjineli singqongqo kakhulu kunefowuni eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, uyilo lokhuseleko lweetonela ludla ngokubhekisa kwiimfuno zonxibelelwano zokhuseleko lobomi ezifanaI-NFPA 502kwiitonela zendlela kunyeIsihlomelo 14 se-ICAO-indlela yokucwangcisa imeko kaxakeka kwizibonelelo zothutho ezintsonkothileyo, ngelixa iinkqubo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zihlala zisebenzisa iithagethi zokuthembeka ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neesekethe ezikhuselweyo. Icebo eliqhelekileyo lokulawula imigudu likwaxhomekeke ekuqinisekisweni ngokuchasene nemigaqo yokusinda konxibelelwano echazwe kwiUphando loNxibelelwano loKhuseleko loLuntu lwe-NISTKumaqela eeprojekthi avavanyayoiifowuni zexesha likaxakeka zoshishino, iifowuni ezimelana nemozulukunyeiifowuni ezingavumeli ukonakala, umbuzo wokwenene awukokuba isixhobo sinokukhala na, kodwa kukuba singakwazi na ukunika umyalelo ocacileyo xa ukuphuma, umsi, kunye noxinzelelo zonke zisenzeka ngaxeshanye.

Kutheni unxibelelwano lwe-tunnel lungaphumeleli xa iifowuni eziqhelekileyo zingaphumeleli?

Unxibelelwano lwe-tunnel luyasilela ngenxa yezizathu zesakhiwo, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba abasebenzisi bengakhathali.

Iindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zicinezela izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi kwikhorido enye: iibhloko zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo ukusasazeka kwerediyo, ingxolo yendlela inokugqitha imida yentetho ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ukuphazamiseka komsi okanye umbane kunokwenza izixhobo eziphathwayo zingasebenzi. Kwithoneli yokuthutha, igumbi lolawulo linokuba ngamakhulu eemitha ukusuka apho, kodwa umntu ofowunelayo usafuna ikhonkco elithe ngqo nelikhawulezileyo. Yingakho ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo idla ngokuphathwa njengendawo yokhuseleko lobomi ezinikeleyo endaweni yokuba yifowuni esetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

I-acoustics yenye yezona ngxaki zifihlakeleyo. Ngaphakathi kwitonela, isandi se-echo, ingxolo yenjini, kunye nesandi se-alamu kunokunciphisa ukuvakala kwentetho nokuba umgca uqhagamshelwe ngobuchwephesha. Inkqubo yonxibelelwano "evuliwe" ayanelanga. Kwiinkqubo zongxamiseko, umyalezo kufuneka uqondwe kwinzame yokuqala.

Ukubonakala yenye indawo yokusilela. Xa kukho umsi okanye ukukhanya okuphantsi, ifowuni encinci exhonywe eludongeni kunokuba nzima ukuyifumana, ingakumbi kwabo baphendulayo benxibe iiglavu nezixhobo zokuphefumla. Ngoko ke, uyilo lwe-interface yongxamiseko lubeka phambili iilebhile ezinkulu, indawo ecacileyo, kunye nolandelelwano olufutshane lokusebenza. Ifowuni yomlilo engcono kakhulu kwitonela idla ngokuba yileyo umntu ophendulayo anokuyifumana aze ayisebenzise ngaphandle kokuma acinge.

Oko kufuneka kwenziwe ngumcimi-mlilo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo yetonela

Ucingo lomcimi-mlilo kufuneka luxhase unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo noluncinci phantsi koxinzelelo.

Imfuneko yokuqala kukunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo engaphantsi komhlaba, akukho xesha lokuhamba kwimenyu, ukulibaziseka kokuqinisekiswa, okanye ukuhanjiswa kwefowuni okungaqinisekanga. Isixhobo kufuneka siqhagamshele umsebenzisi kwigumbi lolawulo, umphathi weziganeko, okanye iziko lokuhlangula ngendlela eqikelelweyo. Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zetonela, isicwangciso sonxibelelwano senzelwe ukuba amanqaku abalulekileyo asasazwe ngamaxesha athile endleleni, nto leyo evumela abaphenduli ukuba baqhagamshelane nomyalelo ovela kwiindawo ezininzi.

Imfuneko yesibini kukucaca kwentetho. Imigangatho yonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo idla ngokugxininisa ukuqondwa kuba umyalelo ongaqondwanga kakuhle unokuba yingozi njengokungafundiswa konke konke. Oko kuthetha ukuba i-handset, imakrofoni, isithethi, kunye nendawo ebiyelweyo zonke kufuneka zenzelwe i-acoustic ebukhali, kungekuphela nje ukusetyenziswa eofisini.

Imfuneko yesithathu kukusinda. Iindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zinokubeka izixhobo kumswakama, ukungcangcazela, ukuchaphazeleka, uthuli, ukutshintsha kobushushu, kunye nokusebenza okuphindaphindiweyo. Xa ifowuni ikhethiwe kule setingi, indawo ebiyelweyo, indlela yokuyifaka, ukhuseleko lweentambo, kunye nokufikelela kulondolozo konke kubalulekile. Kwiprojekthi ezinokufikelela kuluntu okanye izithuthi ezininzi,ifowuni enganyangekiyo eyonakalisayoingakhethwa apho ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenzeka khona, ngelixaifowuni yemizi-mvelisoingasetyenziswa apho ukomelela kokusebenza kuyeyona nto iphambili.

Indlela imigangatho eyibumba ngayo unxibelelwano lwe-tunnel kunye nocwangciso lwefowuni olungxamisekileyo oluphantsi komhlaba

Imigangatho yenza unxibelelwano lwemigudu luthembeke ngakumbi kuba iguqula ulindelo lokhuseleko lube ziimfuno ezinokuvavanywa.

Kwimijelo yeendlela, i-NFPA 502 ikhankanywa kakhulu kucwangciso lomlilo nokhuseleko lobomi eMntla Melika kwiimijelo, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye izakhiwo zeendlela ezifikelelekayo. Ixabiso layo kubathengi alikho kwinkcazelo yesixhobo esinye, kodwa kwindlela eliyibeka ngayo imijelo njengendawo edibeneyo yokhuseleko lobomi. Iindawo zonxibelelwano, impendulo engxamisekileyo, umoya ophumayo, ukuphuma, kunye nokhuseleko lomlilo kufuneka zisebenze njengenkqubo enye kunokuba zibe ziimveliso ezizodwa.

Kwindlela yonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo olubanzi, uphando lwe-NIST malunga nonxibelelwano lokhuseleko loluntu luluncedo kuba lugxininisa ukuqina, ukusebenzisana, kunye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza. Ezo zezona mpawu zifunwa ngabaqhubi bemigudu xa bengenakuthembela kwinethiwekhi yoluntu yodwa. Uyilo lonxibelelwano lwemigudu oluhambelana nale migaqo kulula ukuluthethelela ngexesha lophononongo lobunjineli, ukuthengwa, kunye novavanyo lokwamkelwa.

Kwiiprojekthi zokhuseleko lobomi kwimizi-mveliso, ukusebenza okuvavanyiweyo kudla ngokuba yinto ekholisayo kunentetho yokuthengisa. Abathengi kufuneka babuze ukuba inkqubo iziphatha njani xa umbane ulahlekile, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umgca wonakele, indlela ephathwa ngayo kuqala xa umnxeba, kunye nokuba igumbi lolawulo liyakwazi na ukubona indawo echanekileyo yokufowunelwa. Le asiyomibuzo yethiyori; igqiba ekubeni abasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka banokuphendula ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Ezinye iinjineli zikwalinganisa unxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo ngokuchasene nokuqina kwezixhobo kunye nolindelo lokukhusela ukungena. Umzekelo, izixhobo zonxibelelwano zangaphandle nezinzima zihlala zixhomekeke kwiindawo ezivalekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezingamelani nokugqwala ukuze zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba umngxuma uquka imingxunya yokufikelela, iindawo eziveziweyo, okanye iindawo ezijongene nokufuma, dibanisa isiphelo sengxamiseko esiphambili kunye ne-ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulukwiindawo ezikufutshane kunokuphucula ukuqina kwenkqubo iyonke.

Apho iifowuni zomlilo kufuneka zibekwe khona kwiitonela nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba

Ukubekwa kwayo kubaluleke njengehardware kuba isixhobo esigqibeleleyo kwindawo engafanelekanga sisaphalele.

Kwiiprojekthi zeetonela, iifowuni zongxamiseko zihlala zibekwe ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufikelela kuzo ngokukhawuleza besuka kwiindawo ezisengozini yokwenzeka kwezehlo, kwiindawo zokubalekela abahambi ngeenyawo, kwiindawo zokuphuma, kwiindawo zokulawula, nakwiindlela zokufikelela. Umgama ochanekileyo uxhomekeke kwijiyometri yetonela, ikhowudi yendawo, kunye nesicwangciso sengxamiseko, kodwa umgaqo okhokelayo ulula: umntu ofowunelayo akufuneki aqagele apho aya khona xa kukho ingxaki.

Ukubonakala kwegumbi lolawulo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Abaqhubi kufuneka bazi ukuba yeyiphi na ifowuni evuliweyo, apho umnxeba uvela khona, kunye nokuba kufuneka kuqaliswe ii-alamu okanye iingcango ezongezelelweyo. Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje, oku kuthetha ukudibanisa ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo kunye nendawo yolawulo lolawulo kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha okanye elinye iqonga lokubeka esweni eliphakathi.

Kwizakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezinokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo, imephu yonxibelelwano kufuneka ibhalwe malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu, kungekhona nje imizobo yobunjineli. Buza abantu ukuba baza kuba phi xa isiganeko siqala, ukuba baza kuhamba njani phantsi koxinzelelo, kwaye ingaba imiqondiso isaza kubonakala na kumsi okanye ekukhanyeni okuphantsi. Loo ndlela iphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho.

1. Mapha iindlela ezinokwenzeka zongxamiseko ngaphambi kokuba ulungise iindawo zefowuni.
2. Qinisekisa ukuba yonke isiphelo siyabonakala, siyafikeleleka, kwaye sibhalwe ngokwembono yomsebenzisi.
3. Qinisekisa ukuba igumbi lolawulo liyakwazi ukubona indawo yokufowunela ngoko nangoko.
4. Vavanya inkqubo phantsi kwengxolo yokwenyani kunye neemeko zokukhanya.

Ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo xa kuthelekiswa nefowuni eqhelekileyo kawonke-wonke kwimpendulo engxamisekileyo engaphantsi komhlaba

Ucingo oluqhelekileyo aluyilwanga kwimijikelo yokwenza izigqibo ngokhuseleko lobomi.

Kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo, umnxeba unokunyamezela ukulibaziseka, ukuphinda ufowunelwe, okanye isandi esingacacanga. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo yetonela, ezo mvakalelo ziyanyamalala. Umnxeba womcimi-mlilo wahlukile kuba wenzelwe ukuxhasa ulungelelwaniso olukhawulezileyo ngexesha lesiganeko, kungekhona incoko eqhelekileyo. Ihlala ikhethwa ngenxa yokuthembeka, ukulula, kunye nokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kuneeseti zeempawu ezibanzi.

Umahluko ucaca ngexesha lokufuduka. Ifowuni kawonke-wonke inokuxhomekeka kwiziseko ezisasebenza kodwa ezingabekwanga phambili ekusetyenzisweni ngexesha likaxakeka. Ifowuni elungiselelwe phantsi komhlaba eyenzelwe ukuhlala iluncedo ngexesha kanye apho ukuzithemba kweziseko kuphantsi. Yiyo loo nto amaqela eprojekthi edla ngokwahlula unxibelelwano lokhuseleko lobomi kunxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo lwabantu abahlala apho.

Loo mahluko ukwachaza isizathu sokuba iiprojekthi ezininzi ezingaphantsi komhlaba zikhetha ipotifoliyo ebanzi yezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezakhiwe ngenjongo ethile. Umngxuma ofuna ukubizwa ngokukhawuleza nawo unokufunaifowuni engxamisekileyokwiindawo zikawonke-wonke,i-intercom yolawulo lokufikelelakwiingcango ezithintelweyo, kunyeifowuni yemizi-mvelisokwizikhululo zobugcisa. Isixhobo ngasinye sisombulula ingxaki eyahlukileyo yokusebenza, nangona zinokuba nomqolo ofanayo wenethiwekhi.

Izinto zoyilo lobugcisa eziphucula ukuthembeka konxibelelwano lwemijelo

Ukuthembeka kunxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo olungaphantsi komhlaba kuxhomekeke kokungaphezulu kunefowuni ngokwayo.

Uyilo lwenethiwekhi kufuneka luxhase ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuchongwa okucacileyo kwendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokuziphatha okungenaziphene. Ukuba isekethe enye yonakaliswe ngumlilo, ukungena kwamanzi, okanye impembelelo yoomatshini, inkqubo kufuneka iqhubeke nokugcina iminxeba ebalulekileyo okanye ihlukanise isiphene ngaphandle kokususa wonke umgca. Injongo yoyilo ayikuko ukugqibelela; kukonakala okumnandi.

Uyilo lwesandi nalo lubalulekile. Ukuqondwa kwentetho kunokuchaphazeleka bubuntununtunu bemakrofoni, ukuphuma kwesithethi, ulawulo lwe-echo, kunye nokungavunyelwa kwengxolo ye-ambient. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthenga ifowuni ngedatha yodwa akwanelanga. Isixhobo kufuneka sivavanywe kwindawo efana ne-tunnel okanye phantsi kweprofayili yengxolo emeleyo.

Ucwangciso lokugcinwa kwesakhiwo sesinye isizathu sempumelelo esifihlakeleyo. Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingaphantsi komhlaba ziphila ixesha elide xa uhlolo, iifowuni zovavanyo, kunye nezixhobo zokutshintshwa zicwangciswa kwasekuqaleni. Ukuba ukufikelela kwinkonzo kunzima, nokuba yimpazamo encinci ingahlala ixesha elide ingasonjululwa. Kubathengi beprojekthi, eyona nkqubo ilungileyo yileyo inokugcinwa isempilweni ngabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo kwindawo.

• Sebenzisa iilebheli ezicacileyo zendawo ukuze abasebenzi begumbi lolawulo bakwazi ukubona umntu ofowunelayo ngoko nangoko.
• Yahlula iindawo zongxamiseko kunxibelelwano lweofisi olungenamsebenzi apho kunokwenzeka khona.
• Cacisa ukuqina kwendawo ebiyelweyo ukuze kubonakale impembelelo, ukufuma, kunye nothuli.
• Faka iinkqubo zovavanyo kwisicwangciso sokwamkelwa, kungekhona emva kokugunyaziswa.

Iimilinganiselo zobungakanani ekufuneka abathengi bazicele

Idatha yobungakanani inceda amaqela okuthenga athelekise iindlela ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kumabango angacacanga.

Kwimisebenzi yonxibelelwano lwe-tunnel kunye neefowuni ezingxamisekileyo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, cela abathengisi ukuba banike amaxabiso alinganisekayo okusebenza kwesandi, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka kokufakwa, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Nokuba umgangatho awugunyazisi inombolo enye jikelele, umthengi usenokufuna ubungqina obunokuvavanywa boxinzelelo lwesandi, ukhuseleko lokungena, ubushushu bokusebenza, kunye nokufikelela kwinkonzo.

Umthetho oluncedo wokuthenga kukwala izindululo ezingachazi isiseko sokusebenza. Ukuba umthengisi akanakukwazi ukuchaza indlela inkqubo eziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kombane, loluphi ulwazi lwendawo oludluliselwayo, okanye indlela igumbi lolawulo elifumana ngayo isilumkiso, ngoko isindululo asikakulungeli ukhuseleko.

Apho iprojekthi ixutywe nokukhanya okungqongqo kwangaphandle, iimodeli ezimelana nemozulu zinokufuneka zithelekiswe nezixhobo ezikumgangatho wethoneli. Kulapho keifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozuluinokuxhasa iindawo ezikufutshane, ngelixaifowuni enganyangekiyo eyonakalisayoinokujongana neendawo ezihlala zinxibelelana noluntu. Injongo kukwakha unxibelelwano olupheleleyo, kungekhona ukwahlula ifowuni enye njengesisombululo sayo yonke ingozi.

Oko abathengi beprojekthi bafanele bakuhlole ngaphambi kokuba bachaze ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo

Umgangatho weenkcukacha ubalulekile kuba ukusilela konxibelelwano lwe-tunnel kudla ngokuba kukusilela koyilo.

Ingongoma yokuqala yovavanyo yimeko yokusebenza. Indawo emfutshane yokuhamba ngeenyawo, itonela yendlela, ipaseji yesitimela esingaphantsi komhlaba, kunye negalari yeenkonzo ezingaphantsi komhlaba azinawo umngcipheko ofanayo. Owesibini yindlela yokusebenza engxamisekileyo. Gqiba ukuba ngubani ophendulayo, ngubani onyukayo, indawo iqinisekiswa njani, kunye nesenzo esilandelayo emva kokuba umnxeba uqhagamshelene. Owesithathu yimeko-bume ebonakalayo. Ukufuma, ukungcola, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa konke kutshintsha ukhetho lwesixhobo.

Abathengi kufuneka bajonge ukuhambelana kwenkqubo. Ukuba ifowuni engxamisekileyo kufuneka idityaniswe nesoftware yokubeka esweni, indlela yokukhulula ucango, iiphaneli ze-alamu, okanye iinkqubo zedilesi kawonke-wonke, ujongano kufuneka luqinisekiswe kwangethuba. Iingxaki zokudibanisa ezikwinqanaba lokugqibela zibiza kakhulu kwaye zihlala zingabonakali de kube kuqaliswe ukusebenza.

1. Chaza uhlobo lwetonela kunye ne-sценарio engxamisekileyo ephambili ngaphambi kokukhetha i-hardware.
2. Qinisekisa uyilo lwenethiwekhi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nengxelo yendawo.
3. Vavanya ukuqondwa kwentetho kwindawo enomsindo nevaliweyo.
4. Qinisekisa ukufakwa, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokufikelela kwiindawo ezingasetyenziswanga.

Kumaqela akha iphakheji epheleleyo yonxibelelwano engaphantsi komhlaba, eyona ndlela isebenzayo idla ngokuba yimbono yenkqubo: umnxeba ongxamisekileyo, impendulo yomqhubi, i-alamu yelizwi, kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zonke zenziwe kunye. Kulapho umxube wemveliso owakhelwe injongo ethile unokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunemodeli enye yefowuni eqhelekileyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: umnxeba womcimi-mlilo, unxibelelwano lwe-tunnel, kunye nomnxeba ongxamisekileyo ongaphantsi komhlaba

Kutheni ifowuni yomcimi-mlilo ingcono kunefowuni eqhelekileyo ekwitonela?

Ingcono kuba yenzelwe ukulungelelaniswa kwengxamiseko, kungekhona ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngoko kulula ukuyifumana, ikhawuleza ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye inokuthenjwa ngakumbi xa uxinezelekile.

Iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka zifakwe phi?

Zifanele zifakwe ecaleni kweendlela zokufuduka, kufutshane neendawo zolawulo, nakwiindawo apho abasebenzisi banokufikelela kuzo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokudideka.

Yintoni eyona ngxaki iphambili kunxibelelwano lwemigudu?

Eyona ngxaki iphambili kukugcina unxibelelwano olucacileyo nolukhawulezileyo lwelizwi kwindawo enengxolo, evalekileyo, nenokugcwala ngumsi.

Ucingo lomcimi-mlilo lubanceda njani abo basabela kuqala?

Inika abaphenduli umgca othe ngqo kwigumbi lolawulo okanye umyalelo wesiganeko, onciphisa ixesha lokwenza isigqibo kwaye uphucule ulungelelwaniso.

Ngaba iifowuni zongxamiseko ze-tunnel kufuneka zivavanywe rhoqo?

Ewe, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lubalulekile kuba izixhobo zokhuseleko kufuneka zihlale zithembekile ubomi bazo bonke, kungekuphela nje xa zifakelwa.

Ngaba unxibelelwano lwe-tunnel lunokuxhomekeka kuphela kwiifowuni eziphathwayo?

Hayi, iifowuni eziphathwayo azisosisombululo sithembekileyo kuba ukusasazeka komhlaba, ukuxinana, kunye nemiba enxulumene nombane inokuphazamisana nokusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo.

Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayijonge kumthengisi weefowuni ezingxamisekileyo zetonela?

Abathengi kufuneka bajonge ukusebenza okubhaliweyo, isikhokelo esicacileyo sokufakela, inkxaso yokudibanisa, kunye nesicwangciso sokulungisa esifanela imeko-bume yeprojekthi.