Kutheni le nto izixhobo kunye nolwakhiwo zimisela ubomi befowuni enganyangekiyo eyonakalisayo?

• Ukudinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye namandla eempembelelo zezona zinto ziphambili ezibonisa ubomi benkonzo.
• Iinkcukacha zesakhiwo ezifana nobukhulu bodonga, iikona eziqinisiweyo, kunye nezibophelelo ezingaphazanyiswayo zidla ngokubaluleka njengezinto ezisisiseko.
• Izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezisebenza ixesha elide zenziwe ngokwemeko apho ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kungekhona ngokwezinto ezicingelwa ukuba zisebenza eofisini okanye kwifowuni.
• Imigangatho efana neI-ISO 16750-3kwayeI-ASTM E18nceda ekuchazeni indlela iimveliso ezivavanywa ngayo ukuze zibone ukothuka, ukungcangcazela, kunye neempawu zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Kubathengi beefowuni ezinganyangekiyo, umbuzo wobomi uhlala uphendulwa ngengcamango enye elinganisekayo: indawo ebiyelweyo kufuneka igcine amandla ayo oomatshini kunye nokuthembeka konxibelelwano phantsi kokusetyenziswa gwenxa okuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye oko kuxhomekeke kwiuluhlu lwemveliso, iudidi lwefowuni yemizi-mveliso, iUluhlu lweefowuni zeVoIP, kwaye iindlela yokuvelisa inkampaniKubunjineli bokuqina, indlu ayisiyonto yokuhombisa; sisithintelo esiphambili sokuthwala umthwalo nxamnye nempembelelo, ukugqwala, kunye nongcoliseko. Umzekelo,I-ISO 9227Uvavanyo lwe-salt spray lusetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvavanya ukumelana nokugqwala, ngelixaIzixhobo ze-NIST metrologyQinisekisa ukuba kutheni uzinzo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokuphindaphinda kovavanyo kubalulekile xa imveliso kufuneka ihlale ikwimeko entle, itywinwe, kwaye ilungelelaniswe ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kutheni izixhobo kunye nolwakhiwo zichonga ubomi befowuni obungagugiyo

Inkqubo yokuhlala idla ngokugqiba indawo yokuqala yokusilela kwifowuni enganyangekiyo.

Xa ifowuni ifakelwe kwikhorido yejele, kwiqonga lesitimela esingaphantsi komhlaba, kwindawo yomzi-mveliso, okanye kwindawo yongxamiseko ecaleni kwendlela, ukungaphumeleli akuvamile ukuqala ngebhodi yesekethe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngee-housings eziqhekekileyo, iibrakethi ezikhululekileyo, ii-hooks ezonakeleyo, ii-bezels eziqhekekileyo, izibophelelo ezidlamkileyo, okanye ukuguqulwa okuphindaphindiweyo okujikeleze i-handset cradle. I-homecase yocingo eqinileyo ke ngoko kufuneka ifunxe impembelelo kwaye isasaze uxinzelelo kude neendawo ezibuthathaka. Ukuba i-enclosure ibuthathaka kakhulu, nokuba yi-strike enye inokubangela ii-microcracks ezikhula kamva phantsi kokungcangcazela kunye nokujikeleza kobushushu.

Ukukhetha izinto kuseta isiseko. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo, intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo, ii-alloys ze-aluminium, imixube ye-polycarbonate, kunye neeplastiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha yeglasi nganye iyasilela ngokwahlukileyo. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo inika ukumelana okunamandla kokugqwala kunye nokunyamezela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa, kodwa inokuba nzima kwaye ibize ngakumbi kumatshini. Iipolymers eziqinisiweyo zinokunciphisa ubunzima kwaye zisinde kwiziganeko ezininzi zempembelelo, kodwa kufuneka zenziwe ukuze zihlale zizinzile kwi-UV, ukusebenza komlilo, kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwexesha elide. Kwiindawo zangaphandle okanye ezinxwemeni, ukugqwala kudla ngokuba ngumda wobomi bonke ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke impembelelo.

Ulwakhiwo sisiqingatha sesibini sale equation. Iqokobhe elingqindilili lodwa aliqinisekisi ubomi obude ukuba iikona zibukhali, iindawo zokufakela zibuthathaka, okanye izinto zangaphakathi zikhululekile ukuhamba. Iimbambo eziqinisiweyo, ijiyometri efakwe kwiibhokisi, izibophelelo ezingathinteli ukuxinana, kunye nezixhobo zokwahlulahlula zangaphakathi zinciphisa uxinzelelo. Yiyo loo nto izixhobo zonxibelelwano eziqinileyo ezenziwe kakuhle zivakala "zilungisiwe kakhulu" xa zithelekiswa neefowuni zaseofisini: zenzelwe ukusinda ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa, kungekuphela nje ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.

Isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo emva kwendlu yefowuni eqinileyo

Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuvala yileyo ihambelana nendawo apho ukusilela kusebenze khona.

Kwiifowuni ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulweni nomonakalo, iqokobhe langaphandle kufuneka lijongane nezisongelo ezintathu ezibanzi: impembelelo yoomatshini, uhlaselo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokudibana nabantu okuphindaphindiweyo. Impembelelo yoomatshini idla ngokugwetywa ngamandla empembelelo kunye nokuziphatha kokuguquka. Uhlaselo lokusingqongileyo lubandakanya ukutshiza ngetyuwa, ukuvezwa yi-UV, ukungena komswakama, kunye nongcoliseko lweekhemikhali. Ukudibana nabantu kubandakanya ukukrazula, ukususwa kwegraffiti, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesitshixo okanye i-handset okuphindaphindiweyo. Izinto ezingalunganga zinokuba namandla kwelinye icandelo kwaye zibe buthathaka kwelinye.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubulukhuni kunye nendlela yokuguguleka. Kwizinyithi, uvavanyo lobulukhuni olufana noluUbunzima be-ASTM E18 RockwellInceda ukuthelekisa ukumelana nokubotshwa kunye nomonakalo ongunaphakade womphezulu. Kwiplastiki, ukusebenza kwempembelelo kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuqina nje. Indlu yefowuni eguquka kancinci phantsi komthwalo inokuhlala ingaguquki ngokubonakalayo ngelixa ilahlekelwa kukucinezelwa kwetywina, nto leyo enciphisa ubomi ngokuvumela ukufuma kunye nothuli ukuba kungene.

Enyanisweni, akukho nto inye iphumelelayo kuyo yonke indawo. Endaweni yoko, uyilo oluhlala ixesha elide ludibanisa igobolondo langaphandle eliqinileyo kunye nezakhiwo zenkxaso yangaphakathi, ukufakwa kweentambo ezivaliweyo, kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezikhuselweyo. Le ndlela eneengqimba yiyo eyenza iinkqubo zefowuni ezinganyangekiyo zihlale ixesha elide kuneefowuni eziqhelekileyo zorhwebo.

Indlela isakhiwo esikhusela ngayo izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezinzima

Ijiyometri idla ngokuba yinto ebaluleke ngaphezu kobukhulu.

Iyunithi yonxibelelwano enzima iphila ixesha elide xa isakhiwo sayo siguqula amandla aqinileyo abe yimithwalo esasazekileyo. Iikona ezijikelezileyo zinciphisa ukunyuka koxinzelelo. Iimbambo zangaphakathi zithintela ukugoba kwephaneli. Amaqhosha avaliweyo akhusela ekutshixeni ngokuthe ngqo. I-handset cradle eyenzelwe i-deep retention geometry inciphisa ukuguguleka kwe-hook-switch. Kwanokubekwa kwemakrofoni kunye nezithuba zesithethi kuchaphazela ubomi kuba iindawo ezivulekileyo zinokuqokelela inkunkuma, amanzi, okanye iikhemikhali zokucoca.

Ulwakhiwo lokufakela ngomnye umqhubi ofihlakeleyo wokuqina. Ifowuni enamathele kwipleyiti eqinileyo okanye kwisikhongozeli sodonga esiqinisiweyo iya kukwazi ukumelana nokugoba ngcono kuneleyo ixhonywe eludongeni olubhityileyo olubiyelweyo. Kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke okanye zemizi-mveliso, abasebenzisi badla ngokutsala i-handset ecaleni, bayijike intambo, okanye bayibethe i-cradle ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Yiyo loo nto i-bracket eyilwe kakuhle kunye nendlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo inokwandisa ubomi ngempumelelo kunokwandisa nje ubukhulu begobolondo.

Ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunxulumene kakhulu nendlela yokuxhatshazwa elindelekileyo. Kwiindawo zokulungisa izimilo, izisongelo eziphambili kukonakalisa ngabom kunye nokuphathwa gwenxa okuphindaphindiweyo. Kwizikhululo zothutho, imiba yimpembelelo, igraffiti, kunye neekhemikhali zokucoca. Kwimizi-mveliso, ukungcangcazela, uthuli, kunye nokungqubana ngengozi kunokulawula. Ifowuni efanayo enganyangekiyo nokonakaliswa inokuhlala ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu kuxhomekeke ekubeni isakhiwo senzelwe loo meko yokusetyenziswa ngqo.

Imigangatho kunye neendlela zovavanyo ezityhila ubomi bokwenyani

Imigangatho yovavanyo yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokwahlula amabango okuthengisa ekuqineni kokwenyani.

Esinye isizathu sokuba kube nzima ukugweba ubomi bayo kwiifoto zemveliso kukuba ukumelana nayo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezilawulwayo. Ukuze kubekho ukuqina kokusingqongileyo,I-ISO 9227Uvavanyo lwe-salt spray luqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha kokugqwala. Kwimithwalo yokusingqongileyo yokungcangcazela kunye neyoomatshini,I-ISO 16750-3ibonelela ngesakhelo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lwezixhobo zombane ezinxulumene nezothutho. Ukujonga ukuthembeka okunxulumene nobushushu kunye nokungcangcazela, le migangatho inceda ekuqikeleleni ukuba izitywino, ii-mounts, kunye nezixhobo zangaphakathi zingahlala zizinzile na ngokuhamba kwexesha.

EMelika,I-NISTIsikhokelo malunga nokuhambelana komlinganiselo sibalulekile kuba ubukhulu obuphindaphindwayo kunye neendlela zovavanyo zisisiseko sokuthelekisa indawo enye kwenye. Ngaphandle kwe-metrology ethembekileyo, imveliso "engachaphazeliyo impembelelo" yomzi-mveliso omnye isenokungafani neyomnye. Yiyo loo nto amaqela obunjineli edla ngokudibanisa ukujonga ubukhulu, uvavanyo lobunzima, uvavanyo lokukhusela ukungena, kunye nokulinganisa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kokwenyani ngaphambi kokuba kuvunyelwe uyilo lokusetyenziswa ixesha elide.

Ngokwembono yokuthengwa kwempahla, umbuzo ophambili asikuko ukuba imveliso iphumelele uvavanyo olunye, kodwa kukuba ingaba i-test suite iyahambelana na nomngcipheko wendawo. Ifowuni esetyenziswa kwi-terminal emanzi yangaphandle idinga ukuqinisekiswa okwahlukileyo kuleyo ifakwe kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezinobungozi kakhulu. Isisombululo esihlala ixesha elide seso siqinisekisiweyo ngokuchasene nemeko-bume yokwenyani, kungekhona ngokuchasene noluhlu lokuhlola oluqhelekileyo.

Apho uyilo lwefowuni olunganyangekiyo luqala khona ukusilela

Uninzi lokulahlekelwa bubomi buqala ngenye yeendawo ezintlanu ezibuthathaka ezinokuqikelelwa.

1. Ukuvala kungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-bezel, i-keypad, okanye intambo yokungena.
2. Ukuqhekeka kufutshane neekona, imingxunya yokufakela, okanye iindawo zokugcina izixhobo zefowuni.
3. Ukukhululeka kwe-fastener okubangelwa kukungcangcazela okanye ukutsalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
4. Ukuguguleka komphezulu okubeka izinto ezisisiseko esibuthathaka ekuboleni.
5. Ukususwa kwangaphakathi kwesithethi, imakrofoni, okanye izixhobo zeswitshi.

Ezi mpazamo azizenzeki ngequbuliso. Zidla ngokubangelwa kukungalingani phakathi kwezinto kunye nendawo yenkonzo. Umzekelo, indlu yepolymer engenazinzo ze-UV inokubonakala ilungile ngaphakathi kodwa ilahlekelwe bukuqina ngokuhamba kwexesha xa ifakwe elangeni. Isiciko sesinyithi esingenakulungiswa kakuhle kwengubo sinokumelana nokuchaphazeleka kodwa singaphumeleli kwasekuqaleni emoyeni oselunxwemeni. Ifowuni eneqokobhe eliqinileyo kodwa ekhululekileyo ekuxinezelekeni isenokungasebenzi xa intambo itsalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukungahoywa kokugcinwa. Iyunithi eyakhiwe kakuhle isenokuncipha ebomini ukuba ii-gasket azihlolwanga, izibophelelo azitshintshwa, okanye ukungcola kuvunyelwe ukuba kuqokeleleke kwiindawo ezihambayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ubomi abumiselwanga kumgangatho wokuqala wokwakhiwa kuphela. Bumiselwa kukudibana kwezinto, isakhiwo, okusingqongileyo, kunye nokugcinwa.

Indlela yokuchaza indawo yokuhlala yomnxeba eqinileyo kwindawo yakho

Inkcazelo echanekileyo iqala ngemo yokusilela kwesiza, hayi iphepha lekhathalogu.

Abathengi badla ngokucela izindlu eziqinileyo ezikhoyo, kodwa ukuqina kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwemeko yokusetyenziswa. Ifowuni ye-tunnel ifuna ukuvalwa kwemozulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokubonakala. Ifowuni yentolongo ifuna ukumelana okuphezulu nokungena ngenkani, ukuphononongwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa okuphindaphindiweyo. Indawo yonxibelelwano yasefektri inokufuna ukumelana ngcono nokungcangcazela kunye nokucocwa okulula. Ileyibhile enye "eqinileyo" ayanelanga ukuchaza isixhobo esichanekileyo.

Sebenzisa olu luhlu lulandelayo xa uthelekisa iimodeli:

• Chonga eyona ngozi iphambili: impembelelo, ukugqwala, i-UV, uthuli, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukuphazanyiswa.
• Tshatisa izinto zendlu nezo ngxaki, kungabi ngexabiso lodwa.
• Jonga ukuba isakhiwo sineekona eziqinisiweyo, iimbambo, kunye nolawulo olukhuselekileyo na.
• Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokufakelwa, ukungena kwentambo, kunye neenkxaso zangaphakathi ziyinxalenye yoyilo.
• Buza ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ingaba zibonisa imeko-bume yendawo.

Kubathengi beprojekthi, ukuhambelana nako kubalulekile. Iyunithi eqinileyo ngokomatshini kodwa kunzima ukuyifaka, ukuyilungisa, okanye ukufumana iindawo ezingasetyenziswayo isenokudala ixesha lokungasebenzi. Yiyo loo nto isisombululo esipheleleyo sonxibelelwano olunzima kufuneka siquke iindlela ezicacileyo zokufakela, iindlela zokulungisa ezifikelelekayo, kunye nobonelelo oluzinzileyo lwezixhobo. Ukuvalwa kusenokuba ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela, kodwa ukulungiswa kudla ngokuba kwesibini.

Kutheni ubomi bubotshelelwe kuyilo lwenkqubo iyonke, kungekuphela nje kwinxalenye enye

Ifowuni ekwaziyo ukutshabalalisa iphela ixesha elide xa umaleko ngamnye uxhasa olandelayo.

I-enclosure, i-keypad, i-hookswitch, ifreyimu yangaphakathi, ukungena kwentambo, kunye ne-interface yokufakela zonke zinohlahlo-lwabiwo mali olufanayo loxinzelelo. Ukuba umaleko omnye ubuthathaka, lonke isixhobo siyaguga ngokukhawuleza. Iqokobhe lesinyithi eliqinileyo eline-cradle yeplastiki ebuthathaka lisenokungasebenzi kwangethuba. Ibhodi yesekethe esemgangathweni ophezulu efakwe kwindawo engavaliyo inokuba neempazamo ezingapheliyo ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba iqokobhe liphuke ngokubonakalayo.

Yingakho amaqela eprojekthi kwezothutho, ukhuseleko loluntu, imisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, kunye neendawo zokulungisa kufuneka ahlole yonke into edibeneyo. Ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo bubalulekile, kodwa kunjalo nejometri, izitywino, inkqubo yokugqiba, kunye nokufikelela kulondolozo. Kwiimeko zasentsimini, iyunithi ehlala ixesha elide idla ngokuba yileyo yenzelwe ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukusetyenziswa gwenxa, imozulu, kunye nokuphindaphinda kokusebenza.

Ngokwendlela ebonakalayo, ubomi befowuni enganyangekiyo yimiphumo yobunjineli, hayi ibango lophawu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuqina kuyilo olulinganisela ukusebenza kwezinto, ukuqina kwesakhiwo, iindlela zovavanyo eziqinisekisiweyo, kunye nolwakhiwo olulungele inkonzo. Xa ezo zinto zihambelana, umphumo awusiso nje ifowuni esindayo xa itshayiswa; sisixhobo sonxibelelwano esinzima esihlala sithembekile emva kweminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa kabuhlungu.

FAQ

Yeyiphi into efanelekileyo kwindlu yefowuni enganyangekiyo?

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo idla ngokuba lolona khetho lunamandla kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakubi kakhulu nezingcolisayo, ngelixa i-polymer eqinisiweyo inokuba ngcono apho ukumelana nempembelelo, ubunzima, kunye nokwahlulwa kombane zezona zinto ziphambili. Impendulo engcono ixhomekeke kwindawo kunye nesicwangciso sokugcinwa kwendawo.

Ngaba indlu etyebileyo isoloko ithetha ukuba iza kuhlala ixesha elide?

Hayi. Ubukhulu bunceda kuphela ukuba i-geometry, uyilo lwekona, indlela yokubopha, kunye nenkxaso yangaphakathi nazo zichanekile. Iqokobhe elingqindilili eliyilwe kakubi lisenokuqhekeka kwiindawo zoxinzelelo okanye lilahlekelwe bubunyani besitywina kwangethuba.

Imigangatho inceda njani ukuqikelela ubomi?

Imigangatho efana neI-ISO 9227, I-ISO 16750-3kunyeI-ASTM E18bonisa indlela imveliso esebenza ngayo phantsi kokuhlolwa kokugqwala, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuqina, konke oku kunxulunyaniswa nokuqina kwexesha elide.

Kutheni iindawo zokufakela zibaluleke kangaka?

Iindawo zokufaka zidlulisela impembelelo, amandla okutsala, kunye nokungcangcazela eludongeni okanye kwiphaneli. Ukuba zibuthathaka, indlu inokwaphuka, ikhululeke, okanye iqhekeke nokuba yonke enye iyunithi yakhiwe kakuhle.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba iifowuni ezihlala ixesha elide zingasebenzi kakuhle kwangethuba?

Ukwaphuka kwetywina yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo, ingakumbi xa umswakama, uthuli, okanye iikhemikhali zingena zijikeleze i-bezel, i-cable entry, okanye amaqhosha. Ukuguquguquka kwesakhiwo kunye nokugcinwa kakubi kwesakhiwo kudla ngokwenza oku kube mandundu.

Ndingayikhetha njani ifowuni endiyisebenzisa ngaphandle okanye elunxwemeni?

Gxila kwizinto ezingamelani nokugqwala, iindawo ezivalekileyo, izinto ezizinzileyo kwi-UV, kunye nobungqina bovavanyo obuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Iindawo zangaphandle nezingaselunxwemeni zihlala zijezisa ukugqunywa, amalungu, kunye nezinto zokubopha ngaphambi kokuba zonakalise izixhobo ze-elektroniki.

Yintoni ekufuneka ibuzwe ngamaqela okuthenga ngaphambi kokuba athenge?

Buza ukuba zeziphi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, indlela isakhiwo esimelana ngayo nokuchaphazeleka, zeziphi iindlela zovavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, zeziphi izinto ezifunekayo ukulungiswa, kunye nokuba ngaba izixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo ziyafumaneka na. Loo mibuzo ityhila ubomi obuthembekileyo ngakumbi kunexabiso lodwa.