Isithethi se-PA vs iSithethi se-Horn: Umahluko oPhambili
Kwishishini lee-audio kunye nezaziso zobuninzi, amagama ajikeleze ii-acoustic transducers anokuba ngumthombo wokudideka. Igama elithi “isithethi se-PA” (Isithethi seNtetho kaWonke-wonke) isetyenziswa rhoqo njengophawu olupheleleyo lwaso nasiphi na isandi-lizwi esiqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yesandi esasazwe. Ngelixa ishishini elikhulu lesandi elinobuchule lidla ngokusebenzisa "isithethi se-PA" ukuchaza nayiphi na indawo yokuqinisa isandi-kuquka izixhobo zekhonsathi ezineempondo-kwisandi esisasazwe kwintengiso, idla ngokubhekisa kwisandi-lizwi esisasazwa ngqo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesithethi se-PA esisasazwa ngqo kunye nesithethi sempondo kubalulekile kubahlanganisi be-AV, ii-acoustics, kunye nabaphathi bezakhiwo abanikwe umsebenzi wokuyila iinkqubo ezihlangabezana nokuqondwa okuthile (ezihlala zijolise kwiNgxelo yoThumelo lweNtetho ye->0.50), ukugubungela, kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi teknoloji zimbini ukwindlela yazo yokudlulisa isandi nge-electro-acoustic kunye nokudibanisa isandi nomoya ojikelezileyo. Isithethi esiqhelekileyo se-PA sisebenzisa umqhubi wekhoyini eshukumayo efakwe ngaphakathi kwe-enclosure evaliweyo okanye evalekileyo. Olu yilo lukhupha isandi ngqo kwindawo esingqongileyo, lubeka phambili impendulo yesandi esibanzi (ngesiqhelo i-60 Hz ukuya kwi-20,000 Hz) kunye ne-natural tonal balance. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isithethi se-horn sisebenzisa umqhubi oxinzelelweyo odityaniswe ne-flared acoustic waveguide (i-horn). Olu lwakhiwo lusebenza njenge-acoustic transformer, efanisa i-mechanical impedance ephezulu ye-diaphragm yomqhubi kunye ne-acoustic impedance ephantsi yomoya ojikelezileyo. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electro-acoustic, nangona kudla ngokubiza i-low-frequency reproduction (ehlala iqengqeleka kancinci ngaphantsi kwe-300 Hz).
Kubayili beenkqubo, ukukhetha phakathi kwesithethi se-PA kunye nesithethi se-horn kukubalwa okusekelwe kwimida ebonakalayo yendawo yokusasazwa. Isigqibo sixhomekeke kwiNqanaba loXinzelelo lweSandi olufunekayo (i-SPL), umgangatho wengxolo ongqongileyo, umgama wokuphosa ofunekayo, kunye nomxholo ophambili osasazwayo—nokuba ngumculo ongasemva opheleleyo, ukubethela ilizwi okubalulekileyo, okanye ithoni yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka.
Injongo engundoqo kunye nokugubungela isandi
Injongo ephambili yesithethi se-PA sendabuko kukuhambisa isandi esichanekileyo kwi-wide frequency spectrum. Oku kuyenza ikwazi ukuphinda ivelise zombini iimpawu zomculo orekhodiweyo kunye nesandi sendalo selizwi lomntu. Ngenxa yokuba izithethi ze-PA eziqhelekileyo zixhomekeke kwiikhowuni ezikhupha imitha ngqo, isandi sazo sihlala sibanzi kwaye sijikeleze, sihlala sisasaza isandi kwii-engile eziphakathi kwama-90° kunye nama-120°. Olu sasazeko lubanzi lusebenza kakhulu ekugqumeni indawo ngesandi esifanayo, ukuba nje ukuphakama kwesilingi (okungenani iimitha ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-14) kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-acoustic kulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Izithethi zeempondo, ngokuchaseneyo, zenzelwe ukuqikelela nokungena okuphezulu. Umsebenzi wazo oyintloko kukuhambisa isandi esiqondakalayo, esincinci-band kwiindlela ezinde okanye kwiindawo ezinengxolo enkulu ye-ambient. Ukuvutha kwempondo kulawula indlela yokusasazeka, edla ngokuba mxinwa kakhulu kwaye ilawulwa kakhulu—idla ngokukhawulelwa kwi-60° ngama-40° okanye iqine ngakumbi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-Directivity (Q) factor ibe yi-10 ukuya kwi-15. Olu lwalathiso lugxile lugxila amandla e-acoustic kwi-beam ethile, lunciphisa ukuchitheka kwe-acoustic kwiindawo ezingafunekiyo kwaye lunciphise ukuvuseleleka kwamasimi ajikelezayo kwiindawo ezibonisa kakhulu.
Ii-application eziqhelekileyo zedilesi kawonke-wonke kunye nee-paging
Kwindlela yokusebenza, izithethi ze-PA eziqhelekileyo zihlala ziyindlela emiselweyo yokukhetha iindawo apho umgangatho wesandi, ukuhlanganiswa kobuhle, kunye nokugubungela okufanayo kwesandi esiphantsi ukuya kwesiphakathi (ngesiqhelo i-70 ukuya kwi-85 dB) zezona njongo ziphambili. Izithethi ze-PA ezifakelwa phezulu, ezibekwe ecaleni, kunye nezithethi ze-PA ezifakwe eluphahleni kakhulu kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto, amagumbi eentlanganiso zeenkampani, iindawo zokwamkela iindwendwe, kunye nezibonelelo zemfundo. Kwezi meko, inkqubo kufuneka itshintshe ngokulula phakathi kokubonelela ngomculo wangasemva ongabonakaliyo (i-BGM) kunye nokubhala kwelizwi okucacileyo, okuvakala kwendalo.
Izithethi zeHorn zihlala zichazwe kwiimveliso, zangaphandle, kunye nezokhuseleko lobomi apho imveliso ye-acoustic eluhlaza kunye nokusinda kuthatha indawo yokuthembeka komculo. Ziqhelekile kwiiyadi zikaloliwe, kumgangatho wokuvelisa, kumabala emidlalo, nakwiinkqubo zesilumkiso sikamasipala esingxamisekileyo. Kwifektri yokuvelisa enomgangatho wengxolo ojikelezayo we-85 ukuya kwi-90 dB(A), isithethi esiqhelekileyo se-PA sidla ngokumiwa okanye siqhutywe ukuba singaphumeleli ukuzama ukoyisa ingxolo. Nangona kunjalo, isithethi sehorn sinokwenza lula isiphumo esiphezulu se-105 ukuya kwi-115 dB(A) esifunekayo ukufezekisa umlinganiselo ofunekayo we-+10 dB ukuya kwi-+15 dB wesignali-kwingxolo ukuze kube lula ukuqonda.iphepha elingxamisekileyoKubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu qhekeko lwangaphakathi/lwangaphandle aluphelelanga; izithethi ze-PA ezikhupha imitha ngqo ezimelana nemozulu zihlala zisetyenziswa ngaphandle ukuze zenze isandi esivakalayo, ngelixa izithethi ze-horn zihlala zifakwa ngaphakathi kwiindawo ezinengxolo, ezinendawo ezixineneyo ezifana neerinki zomkhenkce okanye ii-warehouse.
Yintoni isithethi se-PA
Isithethi se-PA, kwimeko yesandi esisasazwayo kwezorhwebo, sibhekisa kwisandisi-lizwi esikhupha imitha ngqo esenzelwe ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweefrikhwensi zesandi ukuze kusasazwe ngokubanzi. Izithethi ze-PA zorhwebo ezifakiweyo zihlala ziyilelwe ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwe-voltage engaguqukiyo ye-70V okanye ye-100V. Oku kuvumela amashumi okanye amakhulu ezithethi ukuba zibotshelelwe kwisixhobo esikhulu kusetyenziswa ucingo oluncinci olune-gauge (ngesiqhelo i-16 ukuya kwi-18 AWG), ukoyisa ilahleko enkulu yesiginali eyenzeka ngocingo olusezantsi olune-impedance (8-ohm) kwiintambo ezidlula i-100 ukuya kwi-200 yeenyawo.
Ukwakhiwa ngokwasemzimbeni kwesithethi se-PA sorhwebo kudla ngokubandakanya udonga oluqinileyo olwenziwe ngeplastiki ye-ABS ebunjiweyo nge-injection, i-medium-density fiberboard (MDF), okanye intsimbi. Ngaphakathi kodonga, i-transducer enye okanye ezingaphezulu ze-moving-coil zifakelwa kwi-baffle yangaphambili. Olu donga luthintela amaza esandi angaphandle kwesigaba aveliswa ngasemva kwekhowuni yesithethi ukuba angajikelezi aze acime amaza esandi aveliswa ngasemva, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni amaza esandi aphantsi nasezantsi.
Ukuze iqhagamshelane neenethiwekhi zesandi ezisasazwe, izithethi ze-PA zorhwebo zixhotyiswe ngee-transformers ezidityanisiweyo ezihambelana nomgca osezantsi. Ezi transformers zineempompo ezininzi eziphambili (umz., 1.5W, 3W, 6W, 15W, 30W), ezivumela umdibanisi wenkqubo ukuba alungise ngokwahlukeneyo amandla ombane atsalwa sisithethi ngasinye. Olu buchule lubalulekile ekulinganiseni amanqanaba e-SPL kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo.
Indlela izithethi ze-PA ezivelisa ngayo intetho nomculo
Ukuze kufezekiswe impendulo ebanzi nethe tyaba, izithethi ze-PA zorhwebo zihlala zisebenzisa uyilo lwe-acoustic oluneendlela ezimbini. Olu lwakhiwo lwahlula isignali yesandi ibe ziibhendi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-frequency zisebenzisa inethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-passive crossover (eqhele ukuwela phakathi kwe-2.5 kHz kunye ne-3.5 kHz). Iifrikhwensi eziphantsi neziphakathi zidluliselwa kwi-woofer cone enkulu (ngesiqhelo yi-4 ukuya kwi-8 intshi ububanzi), ngelixa iifrikhwensi eziphezulu zijoliswe kwi-tweeter encinci (ngesiqhelo yi-0.75 ukuya kwi-1 intshi).
Ngokwahlula-hlula umsebenzi phakathi kwee-transducers ezilungiselelwe uluhlu lwazo lweefrikhwensi, izithethi ze-PA ezineendlela ezimbini zinokuphinda zivelise zombini iinowuthi ze-bass ezinzulu ezifunekayo kumculo ongaphambili kunye nezandi ezicacileyo ze-consonants ezifunekayo ukuze ilizwi liqondakale. Inethiwekhi ye-crossover iqinisekisa utshintsho oluthambileyo phakathi kwabaqhubi, igcina isandi sendalo esithintela ukudinwa kwabaphulaphuli ngexesha lokudlala ixesha elide.
Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi nakwezorhwebo okufanelekileyo kakhulu
Ngenxa yokuba zibalasele ekuveliseni i-full frequency spectrum ene-wide dispersion, izithethi ze-PA zilukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiindawo zorhwebo apho umgangatho wengxolo ongqongileyo uphantsi (ngesiqhelo ungaphantsi kwama-65 ukuya kuma-70 dB(A)). Iindawo zokuthengisa zixhomekeke kakhulu kwezi zithethi ukudala umoya onomtsalane wophawu ngomculo ongasemva othembekileyo, ngelixa ngaxeshanye zizisebenzisa kwiipeji zabasebenzi. Iindawo zorhwebo zisebenzisa izithethi ze-PA ezifakwe eluphahleni kwiindawo zokuphumla nakwiindlela zokuphumla ukubonelela ngamava okuva angenamthungo.
Ngaphezu koko, izithethi ze-PA ziyilwe kucingwa ngokudibanisa uyilo. Abavelisi banikezela ngezi yunithi kwiifomathi eziphantsi zophahla, ii-pendant spheres zeesilingi ezivulekileyo, kunye neekhabhathi ezithambileyo ezifakwe kumphezulu. Nangona ngokwesiko zijongwa njengezisombululo zangaphakathi, izithethi ezininzi ze-PA zanamhlanje zinezixhobo eziguquguqukayo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiipatio zokutyela zangaphandle kunye neepaki zetimu apho ukuthembeka kwesandi kuhlala kuyinto ephambili.
Yintoni iSithethi seHorn
Isithethi se-horn sisixhobo esikhethekileyo se-electro-acoustic transducer esenzelwe ukwandisa imveliso ye-acoustic, i-projection, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwikhowuni enkulu, ekhupha imitha ngokuthe ngqo, isithethi se-horn sisebenzisa i-diaphragm encinci, eqinileyo egcinwe ngaphakathi kwi-compression driver. Esi sithethi sidityaniswe ngoomatshini nomqala omfutshane we-acoustic waveguide (edla ngokuba yi-1 intshi okanye i-2 intshi ububanzi bokuphuma)—isakhiwo se-flared horn esinika isixhobo igama laso.
Uphawu olucacileyo lwesipikha se-horn kukukwazi kwaso ukwenza uthelekiso lwe-acoustic impedance. Umqhubi woxinzelelo uvelisa amaza esandi ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu ngaphakathi komqala omxinwa we-horn. Njengoko amaza esandi ehamba ephuma nge-flare ekhulayo, uxinzelelo luyancipha ngelixa isantya se-particle sikhula, sihambelana kakuhle ne-impedance yomoya ovulekileyo. Esi senzo esifana ne-transformer sithintela ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwe-acoustic, okuvumela phantse onke amandla e-acoustic ukuba adluliselwe phambili.
Ngenxa yolu buchule buphezulu, izithethi zeempondo zifuna amandla ombane amancinci kakhulu ukuvelisa amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi xa kuthelekiswa nezithethi zendabuko ze-PA. Isithethi sempondo esiqhelekileyo sinokuvelisa i-105 dB ukuya kwi-110 dB yemveliso evela kwi-watt enye yamandla e-amplifier alinganiswa kwimitha enye, xa kuthelekiswa ne-85 ukuya kwi-90 dB kuphela kwisithethi sekhowuni esiqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isantya esiphantsi uphondo olunokusivelisa ngempumelelo silawulwa yi-circumference yomlomo walo. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lweempondo ze-paging zorhwebo azikwazi ukuvelisa amaza aphantsi e-bass, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iprofayili yesandi igxile kwi-middlerange kunye namaza aphezulu (ngesiqhelo i-300 Hz ukuya kwi-8,000 Hz).
Indlela umthwalo wempondo onyusa ngayo ukuvela kweprojektha
Umthwalo wexilongo utshintsha kakhulu indlela elihamba ngayo isandi. Ngelixa umqhubi wekhowuni engenanto echitha amandla esandi kuzo zonke iindlela, iindonga eziqinileyo ze-horn waveguide zithintela isandi, zisinyanzela ukuba sibe yipatheni ethile yokugubungela eqikelelweyo. Ngokuthintela amandla esandi ukuba angasasazeki ngokuthe nkqo okanye emacaleni kwiindawo ezikufutshane, ixilongo ligxila onke amandla esandi afumanekayo ngqo phambili kwi-axis yalo ephambili.
Olu xinzelelo lwamandla luvumela izithethi ze-horn ukuba zifikelele kumgama omkhulu wokuphosa, zihlala ziveza intetho eqondakalayo ukusuka kwiimitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezili-150 nangaphezulu. Uyilo olubonakalayo luqinisekisa ukuba amaza esandi ahlala ehambelana, evumela amaxesha okubhala abalulekileyo entetho yomntu (2 kHz ukuya kwi-4 kHz) ukuba angene kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezinengxolo ngempumelelo enkulu kunomthombo wesandi osasazeka ngokubanzi.
Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokusebenzisa ngaphandle nakwemizi-mveliso
Iimpawu zesandi zezithethi ze-horn zenza ukuba zibe lukhetho oluphambili kwiindawo zangaphandle kunyeizicelo zemizi-mveliso enzimaKwiindawo ezifana nezikhululo zikaloliwe, izibuko zokuthutha, kunye neendawo zokubeka imithi, ukubonisa isaziso kumgama omde kuyimfuneko yokusebenza. Ibhendi encinci yesandi se-horn ihluza ngokwemvelo isandi esiphantsi seenjini zedizili kunye noomatshini abanzima, iqinisekisa ukuba isignali ye-voice paging ithatha indawo eyahlukileyo, evakalayo kwi-acoustic spectrum.
Ukongeza, izithethi zeempondo ziqinile ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yokuba i-diaphragm ethambileyo ivalelwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwebhokisi enzima yomqhubi woxinzelelo, ikhuselekile kwizinto eziphila kuzo. Uninzi lwezithethi zeempondo zorhwebo zenziwe ngeplastiki ye-ABS engamelaniyo ne-UV, i-aluminium ephothiweyo, okanye i-fiberglass, zifikelela ngokulula kumazinga e-IP66 okanye e-IP67 kwaye zisebenza kwiibhendi zobushushu obugqithisileyo (umz., -40°C ukuya ku-+60°C). Oku kuzenza zilungele iimeko zaselwandle, ukufakelwa kwemozulu egqithisileyo, kunyeiindawo zokwenza izinto ezinobungozi.
Uthelekiso lweenkcukacha
Xa kuvavanywa izithethi ze-PA ngokuchasene nezithethi ze-horn kuyilo lwesandi sorhwebo, izihlanganisi ze-AV zixhomekeke kwiseti eqhelekileyo yeenkcukacha ze-electro-acoustic ukuqikelela ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Isoftware yokumodela i-acoustic, efana ne-EASE (Enhanced Acoustic Simulator for Engineers), isebenzisa ezi nkcukacha ukuvelisa iimephu zobushushu zamanqanaba oxinzelelo lwesandi kunye namanqaku okuqondakala kuyo yonke imodeli yedijithali ye-3D yendawo.
Ezona milinganiselo zibalulekileyo ziquka impendulo yefrikhwensi, uvakalelo (i-SPL kwi-1W/1m), i-nominal coverage angle, kunye ne-Speech Transmission Index (STI) ephumelayo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkcukacha zomzimba nezombane zilawula ukusinda kwehardware kunye neendleko zizonke zobunini bayo kwixesha lokusebenza kwayo.
| Inkcazelo Ubukhulu | Isithethi esiqhelekileyo se-PA (Umphezulu/Isilingi) | Isithethi seHorn (Iipeyinti/Imizi-mveliso) |
|---|---|---|
| Impendulo yeFrequency | 60 Hz – 20,000 Hz (Uluhlu olupheleleyo) | 250 Hz – 10,000 Hz (Ibhendi yeVocal) |
| Uvakalelo (1W/1m) | 85 dB ukuya kwi-95 dB | 105 dB ukuya kwi-115 dB |
| I-Angle yokugubungela ngegama | 90° ukuya kwi-120° (Ikhonikhi/Ibanzi) | 40° ukuya kuma-60° (Icala Eliphezulu) |
| Iimpompo zamandla eziqhelekileyo | 1.5W, 3W, 6W, 15W, 30W | 7.5W, 15W, 30W, 60W, 100W |
| Ityala lokusetyenziswa eliphambili | I-BGM, i-FGM, i-Indoor Paging | Isaziso seNgxamiseko yoLuntu, Ngaphandle |
| Ireyithingi eqhelekileyo ye-IP | IP20 ukuya kwi-IP44 (Engaphakathi/Egqunyiweyo) | IP66 ukuya kwi-IP67 (Imozulu Embi) |
| Izinto zokuvala | I-MDF, i-ABS ekhanyayo, ii-back-cans zentsimbi | I-ABS enzima, i-Aluminiyam, i-Fiberglass |
Impendulo yefrikhwensi, i-SPL, kunye ne-angle yokugubungela
Njengoko kuchaziwe kuthelekiso lweenkcukacha, impendulo ebanzi yesandisi-lizwi esiqhelekileyo se-PA ivumela ukuveliswa komculo otyebileyo, kodwa olu buchule bupheleleyo bufuna amandla esandisi-lizwi angaphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-15W ukuya kwi-30W ngesithethi) ukuze kufezekiswe ii-SPL eziphezulu. I-engile yayo ebanzi yokugubungela ithetha ukuba isandi sinyamalala ngokukhawuleza kumgama, silandela umthetho wesikwere ochaseneyo (-6 dB ngokuphindaphindwa komgama).
Izithethi zeHorn zisebenza ngemilinganiselo yezibalo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Impendulo yazo yefrequency efinyeziweyo ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo noluhlu lwelizwi lomntu. Ngenxa yokuba amandla awachithwanga, evelisa amaza aphantsi afuna amandla, uvakalelo luphezulu kakhulu. Idibene ne-engile yokugubungela eqinileyo, le SPL ijoliswe kanye apho ifunekayo khona ngokudonsa amandla amancinci (idla ngokufikelela kwii-SPL ezijoliswe kuzo ngamandla aphakathi kwe-2W ukuya kwi-5W kuphela).
Ukuqonda, umgama wokuphosa, kunye nomgangatho womculo
Ukuqondakala kwesandi sorhwebo kulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kusetyenziswa i-Speech Transmission Index (STI), isikali ukusuka kwi-0.0 ukuya kwi-1.0. Iikhowudi zokhuseleko lobomi (ezifana ne-NFPA 72 okanye i-EN 54-24) zihlala zifuna ubuncinci be-STI ye-0.45 ukuya kwi-0.50 kwii-alamu zelizwi ezingxamisekileyo. Kwimigama emifutshane kumagumbi aphathwe ngesandi, izithethi ze-PA zifumana amanqaku e-STI agqwesileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo >0.60). Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinkulu, ezinesandi esijikelezayo, ukusasazeka okubanzi kwesithethi se-PA kuyayivuselela intsimi yesandi esijikelezayo segumbi, okubangela ukuphindaphindeka okugqithisileyo okonakalisa kakhulu i-STI.
Izithethi zeHorn zibalasele ekugcineni amanqaku aphezulu e-STI kumgama omde wokuphosa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ngokugcina amandla e-acoustic kumqadi omxinwa, isithethi sehorn sinciphisa ukukhanya kweesilingi nakwiindonga ezisecaleni. Nangona kunjalo, le phrofayili inye ye-acoustic yenza izithethi zehorn zingafaneleki ukudlala umculo osemgangathweni ophezulu, njengoko ukungabikho kwe-bass kunye ne-midrange egxininisiweyo kakhulu kunokubangela ukudinwa kwabaphulaphuli ukuba kusetyenziselwa umculo ongasemva oqhubekayo.
Ixabiso, ukuqina, kunye nexabiso lomjikelo wobomi
Ngokwembono yenkcitho yenkunzi (i-CAPEX), izithethi ze-PA zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo zihlala zibiza kancinci ngeyunithi nganye (ngesiqhelo zi-$40 ukuya kwi-$150 USD) kunezithethi zeehorn zemizi-mveliso ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lazo lobomi lixhomekeke kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo; ukusebenzisa izithethi ze-PA zangaphakathi kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye ezingaphandle kuya kufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo (ngokuqhelekileyo kungaphumeleli kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3).
Izipikha zeHorn zimele utyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu ($100 ukuya kwi-$400+ USD) kodwa zibonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nexabiso lobomi kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu, zihlala zinexesha lokusebenza eliphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Izixhobo ezifana ne-UV-stabilized polycarbonate kunye ne-spun aluminium ziyamelana kakhulu nokonakaliswa kwendalo. Ngaphezu koko, uninzi lwee-high-end compression drivers zine-voice coil diaphragms ezithathelwa indawo yintsimi, zivumela iingcali ukuba zilungise umqhubi oqhushumbisiweyo ngexabiso elincinci kunele-speaker entsha.
Indlela Yokukhetha Isithethi Esifanelekileyo
Ukukhetha iteknoloji yesandisi-lizwi efanelekileyo yinkqubo enamacandelo amaninzi efuna ukuvavanya i-acoustics yoyilo lwezakhiwo, imida yobunjineli bombane, kunye neekhowudi zokuthobela ukhuseleko lobomi. Abahlanganisi kufuneka benze uluhlu olusasazekileyo olubonelela ngenkonzo efanayo, oluhlangabezana nomlinganiselo ofunekayo wesignali-kwingxolo (ithagethi eqhelekileyo yi-+10 dB ukuya kwi-+15 dB ngaphezu kwengxolo engqongileyo), kwaye ludityaniswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo zesakhiwo.
Isigaba soyilo kufuneka siqale ngophando olunzulu lwendawo okanye uhlalutyo lweeplani zoyilo. Ukumodela kwe-acoustic kuyacetyiswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ukuqikelela indlela ulwalathiso lwexilongo okanye ukusasazeka okubanzi kwesithethi se-PA oluya kusebenzisana ngayo nemida ebonakalayo yegumbi.
Tshatisa uhlobo lwesithethi kwindawo esikuyo kunye nabaphulaphuli
I-matrix yokuqala yesigqibo esibalulekileyo ibandakanya ukufanisa i-transducer nengxolo yendawo engqongileyo kunye nomsebenzi oyintloko wabaphulaphuli. Abahlanganisi kufuneka balinganise amanqanaba engxolo ephakathi kunye neyona iphezulu yendawo (kwi-dB-A) yendawo.
| Okusingqongileyo | Ingxolo Eqhelekileyo Yendawo Engqongileyo (dB-A) | Uhlobo lweSithethi esicetyiswayo | I-Target Paging SPL (dB-A) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iofisi yeShishini / iThala leeNcwadi | 40 dB – 50 dB | Isilingi/Umphezulu PA | 55 dB – 65 dB |
| Ivenkile yokuThengisa/Indawo yokutyela | 60 dB – 70 dB | Isilingi/Iphendanti PA | 75 dB – 85 dB |
| Igaraji yokupaka iimoto kaMasipala | 75 dB – 85 dB | Uphondo oluLawulayo | 90 dB – 100 dB |
| Ukwenziwa kweMveliso / Igadi kaloliwe | 85 dB – 95+ dB | Uphondo Olunemveliso Ephezulu | 100 dB – 110+ dB |
Ukuba indawo ikwindawo yokuthengisa enezinga lengxolo eliphakathi elingama-65 dB, inethiwekhi yezithethi ze-PA ezifakwe eluphahleni iya kubonelela ngokulula nge-paging ecacileyo ngelixa igcina impendulo ebanzi efunekayo kumculo wangasemva ochanekileyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba indawo engqongileyo yindawo yokupaka iimoto kamasipala enezinga lengxolo elijikeleze i-85 dB ngenxa yendlela edlula ngayo izithuthi, isithethi esiqhelekileyo se-PA sinokusilela ukuhambisa umyalezo ocacileyo. Inkqubo kufuneka isebenzise izithethi ezijolise kwiindlela zokuqhuba ukuze zinqumle ingxolo yenjini kwaye zilawule amandla e-acoustic, zithintele ukuba zingaqhumi ngokungapheliyo kwi-concrete slabs. Kule meko, abaphulaphuli kufuneka bave kuphela imiyalelo yokuphuma okanye izilumkiso zokhuseleko.
Jonga amandla, ukuthintela, umlinganiselo wemozulu,
kunye neemfuno zokufakela ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Nje ukuba iimfuno ze-acoustic zifezekisiwe, qinisekisa ukuba isithethi esikhethiweyo siyahambelana namandla e-amplifier (ukugcina umda we-headroom ophantsi we-20%) kunye nesakhiwo se-impedance yenkqubo (umz., 70V/100V vs. 8-ohm). Ukongeza, jonga ngononophelo umlinganiselo we-IP (Ingress Protection). Ngelixa izithethi ze-horn zibalasele ngokwendalo kwiimeko ezinzima, abavelisi abaninzi ngoku banikezela izithethi ze-PA ezikhupha imitha ngqo ezimelana nemozulu kakhulu, ezilinganiswe yi-IP55 kwiindawo zangaphandle. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izithethi ze-horn zihlala zifakwa ngaphakathi kwiindawo ezinengxolo, ezivuselelayo njengezityalo zokwenza. Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi kwesithethi se-PA kunye nesithethi se-horn luxhomekeke ekulinganiseni ukuthembeka kwesandi ngokuchasene nemveliso eluhlaza kunye nesikhokelo. Ngokuvavanya ingxolo engqongileyo, umgama ofunekayo wokuphosa, kunye nomxholo oyintloko wesandi, abayili beenkqubo banokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanelekileyo bonxibelelwano olucacileyo noluthembekileyo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Sebenzisa izithethi ze-PA ezikhupha imitha ngqo xa ufuna ukhuselo olubanzi nolwendalo lwelizwi nomculo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaza, ngesiqhelo malunga ne-60 Hz ukuya kwi-20,000 Hz.
- Sebenzisa izithethi ze-horn xa eyona nto iphambili ikukusebenza kakuhle kwelizwi xa umgama umgama, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinengxolo, ezingaphandle, okanye kwiindawo zoshishino.
- Cwangcisa ukugubungela ngokusasazwa: izithethi ezininzi ze-PA zisasaza isandi malunga ne-90° ukuya kwi-120°, ngelixa izithethi ze-horn zinokugxila kwi-output ukuya kwi-60° nge-40° okanye ziqine ngakumbi.
- Kwizicelo zengxamiseko kunye nezaziso zoluntu, yila malunga neenjongo zokuqondwa ezifana ne-STI engaphezulu kwe-0.50 endaweni yesandi sodwa.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izipikha ze-horn njengezipikha zomculo ezipheleleyo kuba iimodeli ezininzi zilahlekelwa yimveliso engaphantsi kwe-frequency engaphantsi kwe-300 Hz.
- Tshatisa uhlobo lwesithethi neemeko zendawo, kuquka ingxolo yendawo, umgama wokuphosa, ukuphakama kwesilingi, ukuvezwa kwemozulu, kunye neemfuno zendawo enobungozi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngaba isithethi se-PA siyafana nesithethi se-horn?
Akunjalo ngqo. Isithethi se-PA sidla ngokuba ligama elibanzi, kodwa kwisandi esisasazwayo sidla ngokuthetha isithethi esikhupha isandi ngqo. Isithethi se-horn sisebenzisa i-compression driver kunye ne-flared horn ukuze sibonise isandi kude nangakumbi nangokufanelekileyo.
Ndingayikhetha nini i-horn speaker?
Khetha isithethi se-horn sokubonisa iipeji ezikude, izaziso zengxakeko, iindawo zangaphandle, okanye kwiindawo zoshishino ezinengxolo apho ukuqonda intetho kunye nokubonisa isandi kubaluleke ngaphezu komgangatho womculo.
Isithethi esiqhelekileyo se-PA singcono nini?
Isithethi esiqhelekileyo se-PA singcono kakhulu kwisandi esibanzi nesiqhelekileyo, ingakumbi apho umculo, izibhengezo, kunye nokuveliswa kwelizwi ngokulinganayo kufuneka khona kwiiofisi, kwiikhampasi, kwiivenkile, okanye kwizibonelelo zangaphakathi.
Kutheni izithethi zeehorn zixhaphakile kwiindawo zoshishino?
Izithethi zeHorn zisebenza kakuhle, ziyalathisa, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphelisa ingxolo ephezulu. Oku kuzenza zibe luncedo kwimigodi, ioyile negesi, uthutho, ulwakhiwo, ulwandle, nakwezinye iindawo ezinzima.
Ngaba izithethi ze-horn zizalisa kakuhle i-bass?
Ngokwesiqhelo akunjalo. Izithethi zeHorn zilungiselelwe ukuvezwa kwelizwi kwaye zihlala ziqengqeleka kancinci ngaphantsi kwe-300 Hz, ngelixa izithethi ezininzi ze-PA zinokugubungela uluhlu olubanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-60 Hz ukuya kwi-20,000 Hz.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-18-2026