Yintoni iFowuni Engangeni Kuqhushumbo kwaye Isebenza Njani?

I-Anifowuni ethintela ukuqhumasisixhobo sonxibelelwano esikhethekileyo esenzelwe ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli. Esi sikhokelo sihlola uyilo lobugcisa, imigangatho yokhuseleko, kunye neendlela zokusebenza ezithintela ezi zixhobo ekubeni zibe yimithombo yokutsha kwiindawo zoshishino eziguquguqukayo.

Ukuchaza uBungqina bokuQhuma kweFowuni

An ifowuni ethintela ukuqhumasisixhobo sonxibelelwano esinzima esenzelwe ukugcina iintlantsi zangaphakathi okanye ubushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba azivuthisi iingozi zomoya ezingqongileyo. Ezi zixhobo zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiziseko zokhuseleko kwiindawo zokucoca ioyile, izityalo zeekhemikhali, kunye nemisebenzi yokwemba phantsi komhlaba. Ngokungafaniyo neefowuni zoshishino eziqhelekileyo, iimodeli ezikhusela ukuqhuma zivavanywa ngokuqatha ukuze zihlangabezane nemilinganiselo ethile yokhuseleko lwehlabathi, njenge-ATEX okanye i-IECEx.

Ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kokusebenza, abavelisi abafanaISiniwogxila kwizinto zokuhlala eziqinileyo kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki ezizimeleyo. Ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ukuba nokuba kukho ingxaki yombane yangaphakathi, amandla avelayo awanele ukubangela ukuqhuma kwangaphandle.

Isebenza njani ifowuni ekhusela ukuqhuma?

Umgaqo oyintloko osebenzayo wefowuni engaqhumiyo kukugcina amandla kunye nokuphola kweegesi eziphumayo. Xa i-arc yombane isenzeka ngaphakathi kwesekethe yefowuni, indawo ebiyelweyo ithintela umphambili welangatye ukuba ungafikeleli kwimozulu eyingozi yangaphandle. Uyilo lusebenzisa "iindlela zelangatye" - izithuba ezakhiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala - ezipholisa iigesi eziphumayo ngaphantsi kobushushu bazo bokutsha ngaphambi kokuba ziphume kwisixhobo.

Enye indlela esetyenziswayo kukhuseleko lwangaphakathi (IS). Le ndlela inciphisa amandla ombane kunye nobushushu ngaphakathi kwesixhobo ukuya kumanqanaba angaphantsi koko kufunekayo ukutshisa umxube othile onobungozi womoya. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezine-voltage ephantsi kunye nezithinteli zomsinga, ifowuni ayinakukwazi ukuvelisa i-spark enamandla aneleyo okubangela ukutsha.

Iindlela zoKhuseleko eziphambili kunxibelelwano oluyingozi

Iinjineli zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka konxibelelwano kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo ziquka “i-Ex d” (engatshiyo) kunye ne-“Ex i” (uKhuseleko lwangaphakathi). Ukuqonda ezi ndlela kubalulekile ekukhetheni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezithile zokusingqongileyo ezichazwe yiIkhowudi yeSizwe yoMbane (i-NEC).

Uyilo lweMpahla kunye noBuchule bokuGcina

Ukuqina kwefowuni engaqhumiyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezivalekileyo, ekufuneka zimelane nempembelelo yomzimba kunye nokubola kweekhemikhali. Uninzi lweemodeli ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zisebenzisa i-aluminium alloy okanye i-glass-reinforced polyester (GRP). I-aluminium inika amandla amangalisayo olwakhiwo, ngelixa i-GRP ikhethwa kwiindawo ezinokonakala kakhulu, ezifana namaqonga okugrumba aphesheya kolwandle apho ityuwa itshizwa khona rhoqo.

Iifowuni zeSiniwo zemizi-mvelisozihlala zidityaniswe kwezi nkqubo, zineepolymers ezimelana nokuchaphazeleka kunye neentambo ezixhonyiweyo. I-enclosure kufuneka ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu loKhuseleko lokuNgena (IP), ngesiqhelo i-IP66 okanye i-IP67, ukuthintela ukungena kothuli olucolekileyo kunye neejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ukubaluleka kweziqinisekiso ze-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx

Ukuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma.Umyalelo we-ATEX(iManyano yaseYurophu) kunyeInkqubo ye-IECEx(IKhomishini ye-International Electrotechnical) ibonelela ngesakhelo sovavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso. Le migangatho yahlulahlula iindawo ezingqongileyo zibe "ziiNdawo" ngokusekwe kubuninzi kunye nobude bobukho bomoya oqhumayo.

Ngoku kaImigangatho ye-IEC 60079, izixhobo kufuneka zibhalwe inqanaba lazo lokhuseleko, iqela legesi (umz., i-IIB okanye i-IIC), kunye nodidi lobushushu (uvavanyo lwe-T). Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-T6 lubonisa ukuba ubushushu bomphezulu wesixhobo abuyi kudlula kwi-85°C, nto leyo eyenza ukuba sikhuseleke kwiindawo ezineegesi ezisebenzisa indawo eshushu kakhulu.

Ukuthelekisa: Ubungqina Bokuqhuma vs. Iifowuni Ezingangenisi Imozulu

Nangona zombini ezi ntlobo zezixhobo “zizezemizi-mveliso,” zisebenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko. Ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu ikhusela kwizinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nemvula nothuli, kodwa ayinazo izixhobo zokuthintela ukuqhuma ngaphakathi njengemodeli ekwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma. Kwindawo enobungozi, ukusebenzisa ifowuni eqhelekileyo ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu kunokukhokelela kumlilo omkhulu ukuba kuvela intlantsi yangaphakathi.

Iimpawu Eziphambili Kwiifowuni Zendawo Ezinobungozi Zanamhlanje

Iifowuni zanamhlanje ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma ziye zaphucuka ngaphaya kokusasazwa kwelizwi okulula ukuya kubandakanywa nokuhlanganiswa kwedijithali. Iiyunithi ezininzi ngoku zixhasa iiprotokholi zeVoice over IP (VoIP), ezizivumela ukuba zidibane ngokungenamthungo neziseko ze-IT ezibanzi zesikhungo. Olu tshintsho lwenza kube lula ukujonga uxilongo olukude kunye nokusetyenziswaIikeypad zeSiniwo zoshishinoukuze ufumane indlela entsonkothileyo yokukhangela imenyu kunye nokudayela ngokukhawuleza ngexesha likaxakeka.

Ukongeza, iteknoloji edibeneyo yokurhoxisa ingxolo ibalulekile. Iindawo zoshishino zihlala zinomsindo, apho amanqanaba engxolo angaphakathi adlula i-90dB. Iifowuni ezisebenza kakuhle zisebenzisa imakrofoni ezikhethekileyo ukucoca ingxolo yoomatshini, ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olucacileyo ngexesha leenkqubo zongxamiseko.

Iimfuneko zoFakelo kunye noLondolozo

Ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu njengezixhobo ngokwazo ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka "kokungaqhumi". Zonke iintambo ezifakiweyo kufuneka zivalwe ngee-glands eziqinisekisiweyo ezichasene nokuqhuma ukuze kuthintelwe ukudlula komlilo kwinkqubo yombhobho. Ukuba isitywina esinye sichaphazelekile, lonke umlinganiselo wokhuseleko lofakelo alusebenzi.

Iishedyuli zolondolozo rhoqo kufuneka zibandakanye ukujonga ukuthembeka kweIzixhobo zeSiniwo zoshishino, njengeentambo ezigobileyo kunye nezitshixi zeehoko. Abasebenzi bokulungisa kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba "iindlela zomlilo" azinapeyinti, umhlwa, okanye inkunkuma, njengoko naluphi na uthintelo okanye umonakalo kwezi ndawo unokuvumela ilangatye ukuba liphume kwindawo ebiyelweyo.

Uluhlu Lokuhlola Ukukhetha Inyathelo Ngenyathelo

Xa kuthengwa izixhobo zonxibelelwano kwiindawo ezinobungozi, amagosa okhuseleko kufuneka alandele inkqubo yovavanyo ecwangcisiweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo esikhethiweyo siyahambelana neengozi ezithile zesakhiwo.

1. Hlela iNdawo:Fumana ukuba indawo leyo yiZone 0, 1, okanye 2 (okanye iClass I, Div 1/2).

2. Chonga Amaqela eGesi/Uthuli:Tshatisa ifowuni nezinto ezithile ezikhoyo (umz., iHydrogen ifuna ukalisho lwe-IIC).

3. Jonga udidi lobushushu:Qinisekisa ukuba i-T-rating iphantsi kuneqondo lobushushu bokutsha kweekhemikhali zasekuhlaleni.

4. Vavanya uQhagamshelo:Khetha phakathi kwe-Analog (PSTN) okanye iDijithali (VoIP/SIP) ngokusekelwe kwiziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo.

5. Vavanya Ukuqina:Qinisekisa ukuba ireyithingi ye-IP kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto nezinto ezibangela ukubola kwendawo.

Indima yoNxibelelwano kwiNgxamiseko

Kwimeko yengxamiseko yesikhungo, ifowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma isebenza njengoncedo kubasebenzi. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zixhotyiswe ngeempawu "zomnxeba oshushu", apho ziphakamisa khonaIifowuni eziphathwayo ezingangeni kuqhuma zeSiniwoilumkisa ngokuzenzekelayo igumbi lolawulo eliphakathi. Ukuthembeka kwezi zihlandlo akunakuxoxiswana ngako, njengoko iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neerediyo eziqhelekileyo zinokungavumelekanga ngenxa yemingcipheko yazo yokutsha.

Iingcali zoshishino kwiI-OSHAgxininisa ukuba unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo lusisiseko sokhuseleko emsebenzini kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ukuba neetheminali ezizinzileyo nezingenakuqhuma kuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano luhlala lunokwenzeka nokuba iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo ziyasilela okanye izixhobo ezisebenza ngebhetri ziphelile.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ndingayisebenzisa ifowuni eqhelekileyo ephathwayo kwindawo engenakuqhushumba?

Hayi, iifowuni eziphathwayo eziqhelekileyo azikhuselekanga “ngokwendalo” kwaye zinokuvelisa iintlantsi okanye ubushushu obukwaziyo ukutshisa imozulu evuthayo. Ziifowuni eziphathwayo eziqinisekisiweyo ngokukodwa ezikhuselekileyo ngokwendalo okanye iifowuni ezingaqhumiyo ekufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuthintela iintlekele ezinokubakho kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweefowuni ze-ATEX Zone 1 kunye neze-Zone 2?

Iifowuni zeZone 1 zenzelwe iindawo apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho umoya oqhumayo xa usebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Iifowuni zeZone 2 zenzelwe iindawo apho akunakwenzeka ukuba kubekho umoya onjalo, okanye oya kubakho ixesha elifutshane, nto leyo efuna amanqanaba okhuseleko ahlukeneyo.

Ngaba iifowuni ezithintela ukuqhuma zifuna iingcingo ezikhethekileyo ukuze zifakelwe?

Ewe, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zifakwe kusetyenziswa iintambo ezikhuselweyo kunye nee-glands okanye ii-conduit eziqinisekisiweyo ezikhusela ukuqhuma. Kwimeko yeemodeli ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi, kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe ngomqobo wokhuseleko othintela ubungakanani bamandla ombane angena kwindawo enobungozi.

Ndingayicoca njani ifowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma ngaphandle kokuyonakalisa?

Ukucoca kufuneka kwenziwe ngelaphu elimanzi ukuthintela ukwakheka kombane ongashukumiyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi zamakhemikhali ezinobungozi ezinokonakalisa i-GRP okanye indlu ye-aluminium alloy. Soloko ubhekisa kwincwadi yemiyalelo yomenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokucoca aziyiphazamisi ingqibelelo yesitywina.

Yintoni "i-T-rating" kwisixhobo esingenakuqhuma?

I-T-rating, okanye i-Temperature Class, ibonisa ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu isixhobo esinokubufikelela phantsi kweemeko zempazamo. Umzekelo, i-T4 rating ithetha ukuba umphezulu awuyi kudlula kwi-135°C, ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuyi kuvutha iigesi ezinobushushu bokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo obungaphezulu kwaloo mda.