Yintoni iNkqubo yeFowuni eNgenakuqhuma ye-ATEX kwaye isetyenziswa phi?

• Iinkqubo zefowuni ze-ATEX zikhethwa ngenxa yokhuseleko kwindawo enobungozi, kungekhona ngenxa yokufowuna ngezwi nje.
• Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo kuxhomekeke kwindawo, iqela legesi, udidi lobushushu, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuvalwa.
• Ukusebenza kwehlabathi lokwenyani kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwesandi, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokugcinwa kwayo ikwimeko entle.
• Abathengi bemizi-mveliso kufuneka bathelekise isiqinisekiso, indlela yokufakela, kunye nenkonzo yomjikelo wobomi ngaphambi kwexabiso.

Inkqubo yefowuni engaqhumiyo ye-ATEX yindawo enobungozi eyakhelwe ukuxhasa unxibelelwano lwelizwi apho imithombo yokutsha kufuneka ilawulwe, kwaye imfuneko yolo lawulo ichazwa ziimfuno zohlulo kunye neziqinisekiso zendawo. Kwi-EU, imithetho yezixhobo ze-ATEX ilawulwa yi-Directive 2014/34/EU, ngelixa iingcamango zokhuseleko eziqhelekileyo zemozulu eqhumayo zichazwe kuthotho lwe-IEC 60079; umzekelo, i-IEC 60079-0 igubungela iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo, kwaye i-IEC 60079-11 igubungela ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi. Kwiinjineli kunye namaqela okuthenga, umbuzo obalulekileyo awukokuba nje ifowuni ingasinda kwiimeko ezinzima, kodwa ingaba ingahlala ikhuselekile, ifundeka, kwaye ithembekile na kwindawo ehleliweyo. Umzekelo, i-IEC 60079-0 ichaza iimfuno ezisisiseko zezixhobo zemozulu eqhumayo, kwaye isixhobo sinokufuna ukhuseleko lokungena lwe-IP66 okanye i-IP67 kuxhomekeke kuthuli, isitshizi, okanye ukuvezwa kokuhlamba.Umyalelo ka-2014/34/EUkwayeI-IEC 60079-0zezona zikhokelo zisisiseko ezisetyenziswa ziiprojekthi ezininzi xa zithelekisa izixhobo nomngcipheko wendawo. Abathengi badla ngokuthelekisa iimodeli ezifana ne-ipotifoliyo yefowuni yemizi-mveliso, iudidi lwefowuni kwindawo enobungoziokanyeiphepha lobuchule bomenziukugweba ukuba umthengisi angaxhasa na isiqinisekiso, ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso, kunye nenkonzo kuyo yonke iprojekthi.

Oko Kwenziwa yiNkqubo yeFowuni eNgenakuqhuma ye-ATEX kwiNxibelelwano eyingozi

Inkqubo yefowuni engaqhumiyo ye-ATEX yenzelwe ukugcina unxibelelwano lufumaneka ngaphandle kokudala ingozi yokutsha kwindawo efihliweyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba indawo ebiyelweyo, ikhiphedi, i-handset okanye i-interface engenazandla, indlela yekhebula, kunye ne-elektroniki yangaphakathi zonke zikhethwa ukunciphisa iintlantsi, ubushushu bomphezulu, kunye namandla e-fault. Kwii-terminals zeoyile, kwiindawo zokulayisha iikhemikhali, kwiifama zeetanki, nakwiintambo zokucubungula uthuli, ifowuni iba yinxalenye yomaleko wokhuseleko kuba abaqhubi bafuna unxibelelwano lwelizwi olukhawulezileyo ngexesha lee-alamu, ukuvalwa kolondolozo, amanyathelo okufumana imvume yokusebenza, kunye neziganeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ixabiso liyasebenza: xa ukugubungela irediyo kungahambelani, ingxolo iphezulu, okanye i-PPE yenza izixhobo eziphathwayo zibe nzima ukuzisebenzisa, ifowuni yendawo enobungozi ezinzileyo inika indawo yonxibelelwano enokuqikelelwa.

I-ATEX yinkqubo yokulawula yaseYurophu, kodwa iiprojekthi ezininzi zehlabathi jikelele zibhekisa kwiingcamango ze-IECEx kunye nemithetho yendawo. Uhlu lubalulekile kuba indawo yeZone 1 inethuba eliphezulu lokuba negesi eqhumayo kuneZone 2, kwaye iindawo zothuli zisebenzisa ingqiqo efanayo. Udidi lobushushu lubalulekile nalo; kwiigesi, iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ziqala kwi-T1 kwi-450 C ukuya kwi-T6 kwi-85 C, kwaye ubushushu bomphezulu wezixhobo kufuneka buhlale bungaphantsi komda ofanelekileyo womoya. Yiyo loo nto iphepha ledatha lezixhobo kufuneka lifundwe rhoqo kunye nohlu lweendawo ezinobungozi kwindawo, kungabi lodwa. Ukuba umthengisi akanakuchaza ngokucacileyo ingcamango yokhuseleko, ukufaneleka kwendawo, kunye nodidi lobushushu, isixhobo akufuneki sifakwe kuluhlu olufutshane.

Apho kusetyenziswa khona iifowuni ezingangeni kuqhuma kwe-ATEX kunye nesizathu sokuba ezo ndawo zifuneke

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqonda iinkqubo zefowuni ezimelana nokuqhuma kwe-ATEX kukujonga iindawo ezizifunayo. Ingxoxo efanayo ayisiyongozi yokuqhuma kuphela, kodwa ikwayimeko yokusebenza eyenza iifowuni zeofisi eziqhelekileyo zingathembeki okanye zingakhuselekanga. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zisetyenziswa ekucutshungulweni kweoyile negesi, kwizityalo zepetrochemical, kwiindawo zokucocisa, kumaqonga aselunxwemeni, kwiindawo zokuphatha izinyibilikisi, kwiindawo zokufaka ipeyinti, kwiindawo zokuphatha iinkozo nomgubo, kwiindawo zokucoca amanzi amdaka ezinengozi yegesi, nakwizakhiwo zezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu apho uthuli olunokutsha lunokuqokelelana khona. Kwezo ndawo, nokuba ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lunokuba yimfuneko ngexesha lokuvuza, ukuvalwa, ukufuduka, okanye iimpazamo zezixhobo.

Enye indlela eluncedo yokulinganisa izinto isuka kwindlela yokuhlela iindawo ezinobungozi. I-IEC 60079-10-1 ijongana nokuhlelwa kwemoya yegesi, ngelixa i-IEC 60079-10-2 ijongana nokuhlelwa kothuli olunokutsha, kwaye zombini zisetyenziselwa ukumisela apho kufuneka kufakwe khona izixhobo ezikhuselweyo kuqhushumbo. Isakhiwo sinokuba nendawo encinci yeZone 1 ejikeleze umoya wenkqubo kunye nendawo ebanzi yeZone 2 ejikeleze iirakhi zemibhobho okanye iingalo zokulayisha; uhlobo lwefowuni olukhethiweyo kwindawo nganye kufuneka luhambelane nendawo. Kwizicelo zaselunxwemeni, ukugqwala kunye nokuvezwa kwemozulu kudla ngokuba yinto ebalulekileyo njengokukhusela uqhushumbo. Yiyo loo nto iiprojekthi ezininzi zidibanisa ukhuseleko lwe-ATEX kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wokungena kunye nezixhobo zomgangatho wolwandle. Kwiimvavanyo zokuvala ngokubanzi, i-IEC 60529 ichaza ukulinganiswa kwe-IP, apho idijithi yokuqala ijongana nokungena okuqinileyo kwaye idijithi yesibini ijongana nokungena kwamanzi; umzekelo, i-IP66 ibonisa ukhuseleko olungenathuli kunye nokuxhathisa iijethi zamanzi ezinamandla, kwaye i-IP67 yongeza amandla okuntywiliselwa okwethutyana.I-IEC 60079-10-1, I-IEC 60079-10-2kunyeI-IEC 60529zikhankanywa kakhulu kwiinkcukacha zeprojekthi.

Indlela yokukhetha inkqubo yefowuni engangeni kuqhuma ye-ATEX kwindawo yakho

Inkqubo yefowuni ye-ATEX echanekileyo engaqhumiyo yileyo ihambelana nengozi, hayi leyo ineempawu ezininzi. Ukukhetha kufuneka kuqale ngokuhlelwa kwendawo, emva koko kudlulelwe kwiqela legesi, udidi lobushushu, ukhuseleko lokungena, kunye nemo yonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, indawo yenkqubo equlethe i-hydrogen ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo kuneleyo equlethe i-propane, kwaye indawo yengqolowa enothuli ifuna icebo elahlukileyo lokuvala kunendawo ye-solvent etyebileyo ngomphunga. Ukuba indawo inobushushu obuphezulu okanye izixhobo ezifakwe elangeni ngqo, umda wobushushu bomphezulu ovumelekileyo uba ngobaluleke ngakumbi.

Ngokwembono yokuthenga, uthelekiso lwemveliso oluluncedo kakhulu aluqhelekanga phakathi kweempawu, kodwa luphakathi kweengcamango zokhuseleko kunye namatyala okusetyenziswa. Ucingo lwendawo enobungozi oluxhonywe eludongeni lunokuba lufanelekile ekungeneni kweyunithi yenkqubo, ngelixa indawo evalekileyo engenazandla okanye engangenisi monakalo ingafanela indawo enengxolo, enabantu abaninzi abasebenzisa izithuthi. Abathengi kufuneka bajonge ukuba inkqubo ifuna ukuhlanganiswa kwe-analog, i-VoIP, okanye i-hybrid, kuba uyilo lwenethiwekhi lunokuchaphazela ukugcinwa kunye nokuhambelana. Ukuba iprojekthi ibandakanya umnxeba ongxamisekileyo okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alamu, ifowuni ingadinga iziphumo zokudlulisela, oonxibelelwano abomileyo, okanye ukuhambelana neenkqubo ze-paging kunye needilesi zikawonke-wonke. Ukuze kucwangciswe unxibelelwano olubanzi lwemizi-mveliso, abanye abathengi bathelekisaukhetho lwefowuni yangaphandle, aukhetho lwefowuni olumelana nokonakaliswakunyeukhetho lwefowuni olungxamisekileyoukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lonxibelelwano luhambelana nokhuseleko lwesiza kunye nemodeli yokusebenza.

Ukusebenza kwefowuni okungenabungozi ekuqhumeni kwe-ATEX: Oko iDatasheet ekufanele ikuxelele kona

Ukusebenza kakuhle kunxibelelwano lwendawo enobungozi kulinganiswa ngaphezu kweempawu zesatifikethi. Ukuphuma kwesandi, ukucholwa kwemakrofoni, ukusetyenziswa kwekhiphedi ngeeglavu, ukumelana nokungcangcazela, kunye nokuthembeka kwesitywina ixesha elide konke kuchaphazela ukuba inkqubo isebenza na xa abaqhubi beyifuna ngokwenene. Kwiindawo zoshishino ezinengxolo, isandi sokukhala okanye sokuma esimalunga ne-90 ukuya kwi-110 dB kwi-1 m sidla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunendandatho yohlobo lomthengi, kuba isixhobo kufuneka sihlale sivakala xa kuziwa kwingxolo yenkqubo, iipompo, iifeni, kunye nokuhamba kwesithuthi. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuqonda kakuhle ilizwi kudla ngokuba luncedo ngaphezu kwesandi esiluhlaza, ingakumbi xa umsebenzisi enxibe isithintelo sokuva.

Iinkcukacha zobungakanani zinceda ukwahlula imveliso yemizi-mveliso enzima kwindawo evalekileyo. Ucingo oluqinileyo lwendawo enobungozi lungachaza indlu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye yentsimbi egqunywe ngumgubo, ikhiphedi evaliweyo enempendulo echukumisekayo, i-ringer efana ne-horn, kunye nemida yobushushu bokusebenza efana ne--20 C ukuya kwi-+55 C okanye ebanzi, kuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nesiseko sokuvunywa. Ezinye iimodeli zilinganiswe ngokwe-shock kunye ne-vibration, kwaye ezinye zivavanyelwa ukungcoliswa. Xa abathengi bebuza malunga nokuthembeka, kufuneka babuze imigangatho yovavanyo, kungekuphela nje kwibinzana lokuthengisa. Umzekelo, i-IEC 60068 lusapho olubanzi lovavanyo lokusingqongileyo olusetyenziselwa ubushushu, ubushushu obumanzi, i-vibration, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-shock.I-IEC 60079-0kwayeI-NISTziindawo zokuqala eziluncedo zokuqonda indlela umlinganiselo olawulwayo kunye neemeko zovavanyo ezixhasa ngayo amabango emveliso athembekileyo, nokuba isiqinisekiso sokugqibela sesixhobo senziwe liqumrhu elazisiweyo okanye iarhente yesatifikethi.

• Qinisekisa indawo kunye neqela legesi ngaphambi kokuba uthelekise iimodeli.
• Qinisekisa iklasi yobushushu ngokuchasene nemeko yemozulu elindelekileyo eshushu kakhulu.
• Jonga ikhowudi ye-IP, indlela yokungena kwintambo, kunye nokuhambelana kwe-gland.
• Buza ukuba ingaba i-handset, i-keypad, kunye ne-speaker zingasetyenziswa ngeeglavu.
• Cela inombolo yesiqinisekiso echanekileyo, kungekhona nje ingxelo yencwadana.

Ukufakwa, Ukugcinwa, kunye noMngcipheko weNkqubo yeFowuni eNqanda ukuqhuma kwe-ATEX

Ukufakela ngokuchanekileyo yinxalenye yomsebenzi wokhuseleko, kungekhona into ecingelwayo emva koko. Ifowuni engaqhumiyo inokulahlekelwa bubume bayo bokukhusela ukuba i-gland ayilunganga, indawo evalekileyo yonakele, isigqubuthelo sishiywe sikhululekile, okanye iingcingo zentsimi zitshintshiwe ngaphandle kokuthobela imiqathango yesatifikethi. Yingakho iiprojekthi ezininzi zoshishino zikhetha umthengisi onokuxhasa isikhokelo sokufakela, izixhobo ezisele, kunye namaxwebhu olondolozo. Inyani esebenzayo kukuba isixhobo esikhethwe kakuhle sisenokungaphumeleli ukuba iqela lentsimi alazi ukuba lisifake njani, lisibophe, lisivale, kwaye lisihlole.

Ucwangciso lomjikelo wobomi lubalulekile kuba izixhobo zendawo enobungozi zihlala kwiindawo apho ukufikelela ekuvalekeni kubiza kakhulu. Ifowuni efakwe kwifama yetanki okanye kwidekhi yolwandle kufuneka kube lula ukuyihlola kwaye kube lula ukuyilungisa. Abathengi kufuneka bacele ixesha lokugcinwa, ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezisele, kunye nayo nayiphi na imiqathango yokutshintsha izinto. Ukuba iyunithi ixhomekeke kwizitywino ezikhethekileyo okanye iindibano eziqinisekisiweyo, iinkqubo zokutshintsha kufuneka zibhalwe ngokucacileyo. Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, ixabiso lomnxeba omnye ophosiweyo ngexesha likaxakeka likhulu kakhulu kunomahluko wexabiso phakathi komzekelo osisiseko nowenziwe ngcono, ngoko ke ukuthenga kufuneka kuhlole iindleko zizonke zobunini endaweni yexabiso lokuthenga lodwa.

I-ATEX, i-IECEx, kunye neminye imigangatho ekufuneka abathengi bayazi

Imeko yemigangatho kulula ukuyilawula xa wahlula umda wolawulo kwiindlela zovavanyo lobuchwephesha. I-ATEX sisakhelo sezomthetho saseYurophu sezixhobo ezenzelwe imozulu eqhumayo, ngelixa imigangatho ye-IEC ichaza uyilo, udidi, kunye nengqiqo yovavanyo esetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukufaneleka. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zifuna amaxwebhu anxulumene ne-IECEx kuba axhasa ukuhambelana kwemida ekuthengweni nasekuhlolweni kobunjineli. Kwisixhobo sonxibelelwano, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo adla ngokuquka umgangatho wezixhobo ngokubanzi, umgangatho wengcamango yokhuseleko olufanelekileyo, umgangatho wodidi lwesiza, kunye nomgangatho wokungena kwe-enclosure.

Esinye isiphumo esisebenzayo sale ndlela yemigangatho kukuthelekiswa okungcono phakathi kwababoneleli. Endaweni yokubuza kuphela ukuba isixhobo "asikwazi ukuqhuma," umthengi angabuza: zeziphi iindawo esifanelekileyo kuzo, liphi iqela legesi, luphi udidi lobushushu, luphi ulinganiselo lwe-IP, kwaye zeziphi iimeko zokufakelwa? Loo mbuzo uvelisa iimpazamo ezimbalwa kakhulu kuno-ewe okanye hayi olula. Ikwahambelana nendlela iinjineli ezibhala ngayo iinkcukacha kunye nendlela amaqela e-HSE ahlola ngayo umngcipheko wokufakwa. Okukhona umthengisi ephendula loo mibuzo ngokuchanekileyo, kokukhona kulula ukuba ukuthengwa, ubunjineli, kunye nokugcinwa kwemveliso kuvunywe ngaphandle kwemijikelo yokucacisa ephindaphindwayo.

Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso ezifuna umbono obanzi wenkqubo, amaqela amaninzi adwelisa iprojekthi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekugqibeleni endaweni yelebheli yekhathalogu. Indawo ingadinga indibaniselwano yeefowuni ezinobungozi, iindawo zokufowunela ezingxamisekileyo, izixhobo zedilesi kawonke-wonke, kunye neeyunithi zangaphandle eziqinileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, kuyanceda ukuhlolaudidi lwefowuni yemizi-mvelisoecaleni kwamaphepha athile kwiwebhusayithi ukuze iqela lobuchwephesha liqinisekise ukuhambelana kuyo yonke inkqubo yonxibelelwano.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa uthenga inkqubo yefowuni engaqhumiyo ye-ATEX

Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kukuthenga indawo engafanelekanga. Isixhobo esilinganiswe kwindawo enye okanye umoya omnye asifaneleki ngokuzenzekelayo kwenye, kwaye indawo ebiyelweyo ayifani nesixhobo esinobungozi esiqinisekisiweyo. Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukungahoyi ingxolo. Ukuba i-ringer kunye nesithethi azikhuphi ngokwaneleyo, ifowuni isenokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kodwa ingaphumeleli kweso sisebenzayo. Impazamo yesithathu kukungahoyi iinkcukacha zofakelo ezifana nokukhethwa kwe-gland, i-cable routing, kunye ne-hardware yokufaka, enokuthi ibeke emngciphekweni ingcamango yokhuseleko ecetywayo.

1. Musa ukucinga ukuba i-IP rating ilingana nokukhuselwa kokuqhuma.
2. Musa ukukhetha ifowuni ngenxa yembonakalo okanye ubukhulu bayo obuncinci kuphela.
3. Musa ukulibazisa ukuqinisekiswa kobushushu kwiindawo ezishushu.
4. Musa ukulibala ukuba i-corrosion, i-UV, kunye nokukhanya okungcolileyo kuyachaphazelwa.
5. Musa ukwamkela imodeli ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ecacileyo yokugcinwa kwayo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: Inkqubo yefowuni engangeni kuqhushumbo lwe-ATEX

Yintoni injongo ephambili yenkqubo yefowuni engaqhumiyo ye-ATEX?

Injongo yayo ephambili kukubonelela ngonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwelizwi kwiindawo apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli, ngelixa kunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha ngoyilo oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nofakelo.

Iqhele ukufakwa phi ifowuni kwindawo enobungozi?

Ihlala ifakwa kwiindawo zokucocisa, kwizityalo zepetrochemical, kumaqonga aselunxwemeni, kwiifama zeetanki, kwiindawo zokuphatha iinkozo, nakwezinye iindawo zoshishino ezihluziweyo.

Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka ndizijonge phambi kokuba ndizithenge?

Jonga uphawu lwe-ATEX, umgangatho wokhuseleko we-IEC 60079 ofanelekileyo, ukufaneleka kwendawo, iqela legesi, udidi lobushushu, kunye novavanyo lwe-IP.

Ngaba i-IP66 yanele ifowuni ye-ATEX?

I-IP66 idla ngokufaneleka xa ingenaluthuli kwaye ingena emanzini, kodwa ayithathi indawo yesatifikethi se-ATEX; zombini ireyithingi yendawo enobungozi kunye nereyithingi yokungena kufuneka zihambelane nendawo.

Ngaba iifowuni ze-ATEX zingasetyenziswa neVoIP?

Ewe, iimodeli ezininzi zinokuxhasa i-VoIP, kodwa uyilo lwenethiwekhi, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kunye nemida yesatifikethi kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe.

Kutheni iklasi yobushushu ibalulekile?

Udidi lobushushu luthintela ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu wesixhobo, nto leyo enceda ekuthinteleni ukutsha kweegesi okanye umphunga ojikelezileyo.

Ndingayikhetha njani phakathi kwefowuni kunye nemodeli engenazandla?

Khetha i-handset yokulawula iindawo zokuthetha kunye nemodeli engenazandla xa abaqhubi befuna ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza, iiglavu, okanye ukusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo okuphezulu.

Kubathengi bobuchwephesha, umthetho olula ngulo: inkqubo yefowuni engaqhumiyo ye-ATEX kufuneka ichazwe ngokweklasi yengozi, kungekhona ngokubonakala kwekhathalogu. Ukuba indawo, udidi lobushushu, umlinganiselo wokungena, kunye nendlela yokufaka zicacile, isigqibo esisele siba lula kakhulu. Ukuba ezo zinto azicacanga, imveliso ayilungelanga iprojekthi yendawo enobungozi.