Yintoni iNkqubo ye-SIP Intercom kwaye isebenza njani?

Kutheni iiNkqubo ze-SIP Intercom zibalulekile ekufikeleleni kurhwebo

I-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), echazwe yi-Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) phantsi kwe-RFC 3261, itshintshe kakhulu unxibelelwano lweshishini. Xa isetyenziswa kulawulo lokufikelela ngokwasemzimbeni, inkqubo ye-intercom ye-SIP isebenza njengendawo yokuphela enikwe amandla yi-IP kwinethiwekhi ye-Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Ngokungafaniyo nee-intercom ze-analog ezindala ezixhomekeke kwi-closed-loop, i-proprietary wiring, ii-intercom ze-SIP zisebenzisa isiseko se-Ethernet esiqhelekileyo ukuhambisa i-audio, ividiyo, kunye nemiqondiso yokulawula. Olu mgangatho luvumela izibonelelo zeshishini ukuba zidibanise amaqonga azo okhuseleko lwangempela kunye nonxibelelwano oludibeneyo (UC) kwisakhiwo esinye, esidibeneyo.

Ukufakwa kwehardware esekwe kwi-SIP kuthatha indawo yeenkqubo zokufikelela ezizimeleyo ngezixhobo zenethiwekhi ezikwaziyo ukuhambisa idatha ngendlela entsonkothileyo, ukuhambisa umnxeba ngokwemiqathango, kunye nokusasaza imidiya ngendlela ecacileyo. Ngokusebenzisa iiseva ezifanayo zePrivate Branch Exchange (PBX) ezisetyenziselwa iifowuni zeenkampani, imibutho inokuphelisa iziseko ezingafunekiyo. Oku kudibana kubaluleke kakhulu ekufikeleleni kurhwebo, apho ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza kweendwendwe kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo neenkqubo ze-IT ezikhoyo kulawula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweziko.

Unxibelelwano lweeNdwendwe kunye noLawulo lokungena

Eyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo ye-intercom ye-SIP kukukwazi ukwenza lula unxibelelwano lwexesha langempela, oluya kwicala elinye phakathi komtyeleli kwindawo yokungena kunye nomsebenzisi okwindawo nayiphi na emhlabeni. Xa umtyeleli ecinezela iqhosha lokufowuna kwi-intercom, isixhobo sisebenza njenge-SIP User Agent (UA). Sivelisa isicelo se-SIP INVITE, esithunyelwa yi-PBX kwindawo yokuphela emiselweyo—njengefowuni ye-IP yomamkeli, ikhonsoli ye-security operations centre (SOC), okanye usetyenziso lweselfowuni.

Olu lawulo olusekelwe kwi-IP luvumela iindlela zokusebenza zolawulo lokungena ezintsonkothileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba idesika yokwamkela iindwendwe yokuqala ayiphenduli ngaphakathi komda ochaziweyo (umz., imizuzwana eli-15), iprotocol ye-SIP ingathumela ngokuzenzekelayo umnxeba kwiqela lesibini lokhuseleko okanye kwiziko lokubeka iliso elingaphandle kwendawo. Ukuqinisekisa incoko yendalo, engaphazanyiswayo, ii-intercom ze-SIP zezinga leshishini zenziwe ngendlela yokuba zigcine i-latency yesandi ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ngaphantsi kwe-150 milliseconds. Nje ukuba ubuwena bomtyeleli buqinisekisiwe, umqhubi angathumela isignali ye-Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)—eqhele ukwenziwa nge-RFC 2833—eyamkelwe yi-intercom kwaye iguqulelwe kumyalelo wokuqalisa i-relay ekwibhodi, ngaloo ndlela ivula ucango.

Iingenelo Zokusebenza Nokhuseleko

Ukufudukela kwii-intercom ze-SIP kuvelisa iingenelo ezinkulu zokusebenza nokhuseleko, eziqhutywa kakhulu kukusebenza ndawonye kunye nokukwazi ukulawula kude. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zihlala kwinethiwekhi ye-IP yenkampani, abalawuli be-IT kunye nokhuseleko banokubonelela, bajonge, kwaye bahlaziye amakhulu eeyunithi ze-intercom ukusuka kwi-interface enye. Olu lawulo luphakathi lunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa kwaye luvumela ukujonga impilo ngokukhawuleza nge-Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) kunye nokulumkisa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ngokwemali, ii-intercom ze-SIP zisebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso zenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) ezikhoyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard IEEE 802.3af, intambo enye yeCat5e okanye yeCat6 inika zombini uqhagamshelo lwedatha kunye ne-15.4 watts yamandla angoku ngqo ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. Oku kususa imfuneko yokusetyenziswa kombane ombane ophezulu kwiingcango zonke, kunciphisa iindleko zokufakelwa kweentambo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% kwiiprojekthi ezintsha zokwakha. Ngokwembono yokhuseleko, ukudibanisa ii-intercom ze-SIP kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezibanzi kuvumela ukuloga kweziganeko ngokuzenzekelayo. Lonke uvavanyo lokufowuna, ixesha loqhagamshelo, kunye nesiganeko sokuvula ucango sirekhodwa kwiirekhodi zeenkcukacha zocingo ze-PBX (ii-CDR), zibonelela ngomkhondo ochanekileyo nophicothwayo weziganeko zokufikelela.

Oko Kuqukwa yiNkqubo ye-SIP Intercom

Inkqubo yokusebenza ye-SIP intercom ifuna indibaniselwano yezixhobo eziqinileyo, iziseko zotshintsho lwenethiwekhi, kunye nesoftware yolawulo lwefowuni ephakathi. Ngokungafaniyo ne-doorbell yendabuko okanye isithethi se-analog esikwindawo ethile, i-SIP intercom ngokuyintloko yikhompyutha ekhethekileyo ye-VoIP egcinwe kwibhokisi eqinileyo yokusingqongileyo. Ukuqonda izinto ezithile ezenza olu lwakhiwo kubalulekile ekuyileni inkqubo ehlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lomzimba kunye nemigangatho yenethiwekhi ye-IT.

Ii-Intercom ze-SIP Door kunye nee-Intercom zevidiyo

Izixhobo ezikwicala elingaphandle kweli candelo le-ecosystem zii-intercom zomnyango we-SIP kunye nee-intercom zevidiyo ezifakwe kwiindawo zokungena ezibonakalayo. Ezi yunithi kufuneka zivale umsantsa phakathi kwezinto ze-elektroniki ezinobuthathaka kunye neendawo zangaphandle ezinzima.Ii-intercom ze-SIP zangaphandle ezikumgangatho wemizi-mvelisozihlala zilinganiswa nge-IP65 nangaphezulu ukuze zikhusele uthuli kunye nokungena kwamanzi, kwaye i-IK08 ukuya kwi-IK10 ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nempembelelo yoomatshini kunye nokonakaliswa. Ngaphakathi kwi-chassis, ezi zixhobo zineenkqubo ze-digital signal processors (DSPs) ezifakwe ngaphakathi ukuze zikwazi ukujongana nokucinywa kwe-acoustic echo kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yangasemva.

Ii-intercom ze-SIP ezisebenza ngevidiyo zongeza umaleko obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa okubonakalayo. Ezi yunithi zixhotyiswe ngeelensi ezibanzi, zihlala zibonelela ngebala lokujonga ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-170 degrees ukuthwebula iindwendwe nokuba ziphakame kangakanani okanye zimi phi. Izinzwa zemifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibonelela ngesisombululo se-1080p, zisebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-H.264 okanye ze-H.265 zokucinezela ividiyo. Olu xinzelelo luphambili luqinisekisa ukuba imijelo yevidiyo esemgangathweni ophezulu inokudluliselwa kwindawo yokuphendula ngaphandle kokugcwala i-bandwidth yenethiwekhi yendawo, edla ngokufuna kuphela i-2 ukuya kwi-4 Mbps ye-throughput ngefowuni yevidiyo esebenzayo.

Izixhobo zeHardware kunye neSoftware ezifunekayo

Ngaphaya kweyunithi ye-intercom ebonakalayo, inkqubo ixhomekeke kwiinxalenye ezininzi zehardware kunye nesoftware. Injini ye-routing ephakathi yi-IP-PBX, enokusingathwa kwindawo, yenziwe ibe yi-virtual ngaphakathi kwiziko ledatha lenkampani, okanye ihanjiswe njengeqonga le-Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS) elisekelwe kwiLifu. I-PBX igcina irejista ye-SIP kwaye iphatha ukumaphu okunengqiqo kolwandiso kwiidilesi ze-IP ezibonakalayo.

Uqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi kunye namandla zibonelelwa ziiswitshi zePoE. Nangona i-802.3af (15.4W) eqhelekileyo yanele uninzi lwee-intercom zesandi kunye nezevidiyo ezisisiseko, iiyunithi ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu ezifuna izinto zokufudumeza zangaphakathi zihlala zifuna i-PoE+ (IEEE 802.3at), enikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30W ngezibuko ngalinye. Okokugqibela, icandelo lokufikelela ngokwasemzimbeni lifuna izixhobo zomnyango ze-elektroniki—ezifana nokutshixa kwemagnethi okanye ukubethelwa kombane—ezixhunywe ngqo kwiirelay ze-intercom ezikwibhodi. Ezi relay zihlala zilinganiswa ukuba zitshintshe imithwalo ye-12V okanye ye-24V DC, zenze ikhonkco lokugqibela kwikhonkco ukusuka kumyalelo we-SIP yedijithali ukuya ekukhululweni komnyango ngokwasemzimbeni.

Indlela ezisebenza ngayo iinkqubo ze-SIP Intercom

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-intercom ye-SIP kuxhomekeke kulwahlulo oluqinileyo phakathi kweplane yokulawula—ephatha ukuseta iifowuni, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokuchithwa kwazo—kunye neplane yedatha, ehambisa imijelo yokwenyani yeaudio kunye nevidiyo. Olu lwakhiwo oludibeneyo luvumela i-SIP ukuba iguquguquke kakhulu, iyenze ikwazi ukujongana neeparamitha zonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezinokuba nezakhono ezahlukeneyo zehardware.

Ubhaliso lwe-SIP, i-Call Routing, kunye ne-RTP Media

Umjikelo wobomi beseshoni ye-intercom uqala ngobhaliso lwe-SIP. Emva kokuba iqalisiwe, i-intercom ithumela isicelo se-SIP REGISTER kwi-PBX, iziqinisekisa ngokusebenzisa i-MD5 okanye i-SHA-256 digest authentication kwaye ibhengeze idilesi yayo ye-IP yangoku. Nje ukuba ibhalisiwe, i-intercom ikulungele ukuqalisa iifowuni. Xa iqhosha lokufowuna licinezelwe, iyunithi ithumela umyalezo we-SIP INVITE oqulethe umthwalo wokuhlawula weSession Description Protocol (SDP). I-SDP ichaza amandla eendaba e-intercom, kubandakanya ii-audio codec ezixhaswayo (ezifana ne-G.711 yelizwi eliqhelekileyo, i-G.722 ye-wideband HD audio, okanye i-Opus yeemeko zenethiwekhi eziguquguqukayo) kunye nee-video codecs.

I-PBX iyayicubungula le INVITE ize iyithumele kwisandiso esijoliswe kuso. Nje ukuba iqela elifumanayo liyamkele ifowuni, umyalezo we-200 OK uthunyelwa kwi-intercom, ulandelwe yi-ACK ukuze kugqitywe ukuxhawulana. Kule ndawo, isignali ye-SIP iyayeka, kwaye i-Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) ithatha indawo yedatha. I-RTP iseka umjelo weendaba othe ngqo phakathi kwe-intercom kunye nesixhobo sokuphendula, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kweepakethi zeaudio kunye nevidiyo kunye ne-buffering encinci.

Iimfuno zeNethiwekhi kunye noKhuseleko lweIntanethi

Ngenxa yokuba ii-intercom ze-SIP ngokuyintloko zizixhobo zenethiwekhi ezikwindawo engaphandle kwesakhiwo, zizisa iimfuno ezithile zokhuseleko lwe-cyber kunye ne-topology yenethiwekhi. Ukuthintela ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi okungagunyaziswanga ngentambo ye-Ethernet yangaphandle evezwe, abakhi bezokhuseleko bahlukanisa ngokungqongqo ii-intercom besebenzisa ii-Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs). Ngaphezu koko, i-Network Access Control (NAC) esekelwe kwizibuko esebenzisa umgangatho we-IEEE 802.1X iqinisekisa ukuba ukuba umdlali onobungozi uyayikhupha i-intercom aze aqhagamshele ilaptop, i-switch port iya kuyicima ngoko nangoko i-data transmission.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho imithwalo yonxibelelwano, ukuthunyelwa kwe-intercom ye-SIP yanamhlanje kunyanzelisa ukubethela kuzo zombini iiplani zolawulo kunye nedatha. I-SIP signaling ibethelwa kusetyenziswa i-Transport Layer Security (TLS 1.2 okanye 1.3), idala uqhagamshelo lwe-SIPS (SIP Secure) oluthintela ukuvalelwa kwedatha yokuhambisa iifowuni kunye neekhowudi zokuvula ze-DTMF. Imithombo yeendaba ye-RTP ikhuselekile ngaxeshanye kusetyenziswa i-Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), kusetyenziswa ii-ciphers ze-AES-128 okanye ze-AES-256 ukuthintela ukuvalelwa okanye ukuphathwa kakubi kwee-audio kunye neevidiyo. Imithetho yoMgangatho weNkonzo (QoS) nayo iyimfuneko; abalawuli benethiwekhi kufuneka baphawule i-intercom voice traffic nge-Differential Services Code Point (DSCP) value 46 (Expedited Forwarding) ukuze ibekwe phambili kune-standard data traffic.

Ukusilela, Ukufowunelwa Okungxamisekileyo, kunye neengxelo zophicotho

Kwintengiso kunyeiindawo zoshishino, ukufumaneka okuphezulu akunakuxoxiswana ngako. Iinkqubo ze-intercom ze-SIP zifikelela ekuqineni ngokuseta ii-server ze-SIP ezingafunekiyo. Ii-intercom zinokucwangciswa ngeedilesi ze-IP ze-PBX eziphambili nezesibini. Ukuba iseva ephambili ayiphenduli kwi-ping ye-SIP OPTIONS yokugcina iphila, i-intercom iyasilela ngokuzenzekelayo kwiseva yesibini, idla ngokuqhuba utshintsho ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emi-5 ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kolawulo lokungena okuqhubekayo.

Iimpawu zokufowuna ngexesha likaxakeka nazo zidibene nzulu kwimisebenzi ye-SIP. Ii-intercom ezichongiweyo njengeendawo zoncedo ngexesha likaxakeka zinokucwangciswa ukuze zingadluli kwindawo yokwamkela kunye nokuthumela iifowuni ngqo kubathumeli bangaphandle bexesha likaxakeka (umz. ii-PSAP) nge-SIP trunking. Ukwanelisa iimfuno zokuthobela imithetho kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuseleko, zonke iintengiselwano ze-SIP kunye neziganeko zenkqubo ziyalogwa. Ii-intercom zityhala ezi log kwiiseva ezikwindawo enye zisebenzisa i-Syslog protocol. Olu luhlu lokuhlola lubamba uxilongo olubalulekileyo, kubandakanya imizamo yokubhalisa i-SIP engaphumelelanga, iikhowudi zempazamo ze-SIP 4xx/5xx, kunye nesitampu sexesha esichanekileyo se-DTMF door unlock relays, nto leyo eququzelela uhlalutyo oluqinileyo lwe-forensic emva kwesiganeko.

Indlela iiNkqubo ze-SIP Intercom ezithelekiswa ngayo nezinye iindlela

Imarike yokhuseleko olubonakalayo inikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe zokunxibelelana nabakhenkethi kunye nolawulo lokungena. Ngelixa iinkqubo ezindala zisasebenza kuzo zonke izibonelelo ezindala, eli shishini lijongene notshintsho olucacileyo oluya kwizisombululo ze-IP ezivulekileyo. Ukuthelekisa iinkqubo ze-SIP intercom kunye nezinye iindlela ze-IP ze-analog kunye nezobuqu kubonisa iingenelo kunye nemida yendlela nganye.

Ii-Intercom ze-SIP vs. ii-Analog kunye nee-Proprietary IP

Ii-intercom ze-analog zimele uyilo oludala noluqinileyo kwindawo yokulawula ukufikelela. Zixhomekeke kwiintambo zobhedu ezizinikeleyo ezineentambo ezimbini okanye ezineentambo ezi-4 ezidibanisa isikhululo somnyango ngqo kwisikhululo esithile sokuphendula esiyintloko. Le topology ye-point-to-point inemida enzima yomgama; umgangatho wesandi se-analog uhlala uqala ukwehla kakhulu ngaphaya kweemitha ezingama-300 ngenxa yokumelana nombane kunye nokuncitshiswa kwesignali. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ze-analog azinakudibana ngokulula neenethiwekhi ze-IT zanamhlanje, zihlukanisa ukhuseleko lomzimba kunxibelelwano lweenkampani.

Ii-intercom ze-IP zabucala zisombulula iingxaki zekhebula kunye nomgama we-analog ngokusebenzisa i-Ethernet (enomda we-100-meter kodwa inokwandiswa ngokungenasiphelo nge-fiber optics kunye notshintsho lwenethiwekhi). Nangona kunjalo, zisebenzisa iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano ezivaliweyo, ezijoliswe kumthengisi endaweni yomgangatho ovulekileyo we-SIP. Oku kutshixa ishishini ekuthengeni izikhululo zokuphendula, iilayisensi zesoftware, kunye nokuphuculwa kwehardware kuphela kumvelisi omnye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-intercom ze-SIP zibonelela nge-agnosticism yehardware. Ishishini linokudibanisa i-I-intercom ye-SIP evela kumvelisi omnyengeCisco, iAvaya, okanye iAsterisk PBX, kwaye uphendule iifowuni kwiisoftphone ze-SIP eziqhelekileyo, ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuvalelwa kwabathengisi.

Ii-Intercom ze-SIP ezine-Cloud PBX kunye namaQonga oLawulo loFikelelo

Umahluko wokwenyani wee-intercom ze-SIP ubonakala xa udityaniswa neenkqubo zanamhlanje zeCloud PBX kunye ne-enterprise Access Control.Iiplatifomu ze-PBX zelifu(ezifana neZoom Phone, iMicrosoft Teams ngeDirect Routing, okanye iRingCentral) zivumela ii-intercom ze-SIP ukuba zisebenze ngaphandle kwesiseko seseva esikwindawo. Undwendwe olucofa iqhosha le-intercom lunokufowunela ngoko nangoko i-app yefowuni yomlindi wokhuseleko kwinethiwekhi ye-5G, nto leyo evumela amandla okulawula ukungena kwihlabathi liphela.

Kwangaxeshanye, ii-intercom ze-SIP zisebenza njengezixhobo ezisemaphethelweni kwiinkqubo zolawulo lokufikelela ngokwasemzimbeni ezibanzi (PACS). Ii-intercom ze-SIP eziphambili zine-interfaces ze-Wiegand okanye i-Open Supervised Device Protocol (OSDP). Oku kuvumela i-intercom ukuba igcine i-RFID card reader edibeneyo okanye i-biometric scanner. Ngokuxhasa i-OSDP Secure Channel (esebenzisa i-AES-128 encryption), i-intercom ye-SIP ithumela ngokukhuselekileyo idatha yobungqina kwiseva yokulawula ukufikelela ephakathi ngelixa ngaxeshanye iphatha iseshoni ye-audio/video ye-SIP. Ngaphezu koko, iiyunithi ze-SIP zanamhlanje zixhasa ii-RESTful APIs kunye neeWebhooks, ezivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba baqalise izenzo ze-intercom ezenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwiziganeko zokhuseleko ezinzima, ezifana nokutshixa ikhampasi ngomyalelo omnye wesoftware.

Indlela yokukhetha, ukusebenzisa, kunye nokugcina inkqubo ye-SIP Intercom

Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo inkqubo ye-SIP intercom kufuna indlela yobunjineli ecwangcisiweyo evala umsantsa phakathi kofakelo lokhuseleko olubonakalayo kunye nolawulo lwenethiwekhi ye-IT. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zinqumla umda phakathi kwemiqobo ebonakalayo kunye nee-node zenethiwekhi ezinengqondo, ukuthengwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kufuneka kucwangciswe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuthobela ixesha elide.

Uphando lweNdawo kunye neemfuno zeNkqubo

Umjikelo wobomi bokufakwa uqala ngophando olupheleleyo lwendawo. Iindawo zokufakelwa ngokwasemzimbeni zilawula iinkcukacha zehardware ezifunekayo. Umzekelo, i-intercom efakwe kufutshane nendlela exakekileyo okanye oomatshini bemizi-mveliso kufuneka ihlolwe nge-acoustic; ukuba ingxolo engqongileyo idlula rhoqo kwi-75 decibels (dB), i-intercom ye-SIP ekhethiweyo kufuneka ibe ne-active ingxolo cancel kunye nemakrofoni ene-high-gain ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesandi okuqondakalayo. Ngokufanayo, ii-intercom zevidiyo ezijongene nelanga ngqo zifuna izinzwa zemifanekiso eziphambili ezixhotyiswe nge-Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) ubuncinci i-120dB ukuthintela iindwendwe ukuba zingabonakali njengee-silhouettes ezimnyama ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ekhanyayo.

Iimfuno zenkqubo kufuneka zikwadwelise i-topology yenethiwekhi. Iinjineli zenethiwekhi kufuneka zabelane ngeedilesi ze-IP ezingashukumiyo okanye zilungiselele ukubhukishwa kwe-DHCP kwindawo nganye ye-intercom. Ibhajethi yamandla e-PoE kuzo zonke iiswitshi zenethiwekhi kufuneka ibalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho amandla ombane aneleyo, ingakumbi ukuba ukusasazwa kuquka iiyunithi zesalathiso se-SIP ezinamaqhosha amaninzi okanye ii-intercom ezine-heavy-draw internal heating elements ze-sub-zero climate.

Ukuthobela imithetho kunye noCwangciso loKhuseleko

Ukuthobela imithetho yokwakha yasekuhlaleni kunye nemigaqo yobumfihlo bedatha sisigaba esibalulekileyo senkqubo yokucwangcisa. E-United States, ukufakelwa kwe-intercom kufuneka kulandele uMthetho wamaMerika aKhubazekileyo (i-ADA). Oku kuyalela iiparameter ezingqongqo zokufakelwa, njengokuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezisebenzayo (iqhosha lokufowuna) azikho ngaphezulu kwe-intshi ezingama-48 ngaphezulu komgangatho ogqityiweyo, kwaye isixhobo sibonelela ngempendulo evakalayo nebonakalayo (umz., isalathisi se-LED esikhanyisa xa umnxeba uphendulwa) kubasebenzisi abanengxaki yokuva.

Kwicala lokhuseleko olusengqiqweni, imithetho yobumfihlo bedatha efana neGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) inefuthe kwindlela ii-intercom zevidiyo ze-SIP ezicwangciswa ngayo. Ukuba i-intercom isetelwe ukurekhoda ividiyo rhoqo kwi-Network Video Recorder (NVR) ngeprotocol ye-ONVIF, abalawuli kufuneka bamisele imigaqo-nkqubo yokugcina idatha ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuze bathobele imigaqo yokunciphisa idatha, ividiyo kunye ne-metadata yomnxeba we-SIP kufuneka zisuswe emva komda ongqongqo, njenge-30-day rolling window, ngaphandle kokuba iphawulwe kuphando oluthile lokhuseleko.

Ukugunyaziswa, Uvavanyo, kunye noLondolozo oluqhubekayo

Isigaba sokugqibela siquka ukuqaliswa kwe-commission, uvavanyo oluqatha, kunye nokusekwa kweenkqubo zokulungisa eziqhubekayo. Ngexesha lokuqaliswa kwe-commission, iingcali kufuneka ziqinisekise imeko yobhaliso lwe-SIP, ziqinisekise ukuba ii-QoS tag zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke ii-network hops, kwaye zivavanye i-DTMF relay ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-physical door strike iyayeka ukusebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo (ngesiqhelo ixesha lokuvula lemizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5). Ukuba kuvela iimpazamo zeklayenti le-SIP 4xx okanye iimpazamo zeseva ye-5xx, iinjineli zenethiwekhi zisebenzisa izixhobo zokubamba iipakethe (PCAP) ezifana neWireshark ukulandelela i-SIP signaling kunye nokuchonga ukungalingani kwisicwangciso sokudayela se-PBX okanye imithetho ye-firewall NAT.

Ukuze kuqhubeke ukulungiswa, ukumisela ishedyuli yohlaziyo lwe-firmware kubaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseni ubuthathaka be-VoIP obusandula ukufunyanwa. Ngenxa yokuba ii-intercom ze-SIP zizixhobo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo, abathengi bamashishini kufuneka bakhethe i-hardware ene-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) eqinisekisiweyo edlula iiyure ezingama-50,000. Ukudibanisa i-hardware ye-MTBF ephezulu kunye nokubeka esweni inethiwekhi ngokuzenzekelayo kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ye-intercom ye-SIP ihlala iyinxalenye ethembekileyo, ekhuselekileyo, kwaye efumaneka kakhulu yesicwangciso solawulo lokufikelela esibanzi sentlangano.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• I-intercom ye-SIP isebenza njenge-endpoint ye-VoIP, isebenzisa isiseko esiqhelekileyo se-Ethernet ukuhambisa isandi, ividiyo, kunye nemiqondiso yokulawula ukufikelela.
• Indlela yokuthumela i-SIP ingathumela iifowuni zokungena ezingaphendulwanga emva komda omiselweyo, njengemizuzwana eli-15, kwenye idesika, iqela lokhuseleko, okanye iqela elijongayo elingaphandle kwendawo.
• Abaqhubi banokuvula iingcango bekude ngokuthumela imiyalelo ye-DTMF, edla ngokusetyenziswa yi-RFC 2833, ukuze baqalise i-intercom ekwi-relay.
• I-PoE phantsi kwe-IEEE 802.3af inokuhambisa idatha kunye namandla afikelela kwi-15.4 watts ngaphezulu kwentambo enye, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufakwa kweengcango neengcango.
• Ukusebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso zeLAN kunye nePBX ezikhoyo kunokunciphisa iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo kwaye kunokunciphisa iindleko zokufaka iintambo ezintsha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%.
• Kwiindawo zoshishino okanye ezinobungozi, khetha ii-intercom ze-SIP eziqinileyo ezineedizayini ezimelana nemozulu, ezingangeni manzi, okanye ezimelana nokuqhuma kunye neziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni inkqubo ye-SIP intercom?

Inkqubo ye-intercom ye-SIP yi-intercom esekwe kwi-IP esebenzisa i-Session Initiation Protocol ukuhambisa imiqondiso yelizwi, ividiyo, kunye nolawulo lomnyango kwinethiwekhi ye-VoIP endaweni yocingo oluzinikeleyo lwe-analog.

I-intercom ye-SIP ivula njani ucango?

Emva kokuba undwendwe luqinisekisiwe, umqhubi angathumela umyalelo we-DTMF ngefowuni ye-SIP. I-intercom ifumana isignali ize isebenze i-relay ekwibhodi eqhagamshelwe kwisitshixo socango.

Ngaba ii-intercom ze-SIP zingasebenza ne-PBX ekhoyo?

Ewe. Ii-intercom ze-SIP zinokubhaliswa njengeendawo zokugqibela kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-IP PBX okanye ze-VoIP, zivumela iifowuni ukuba zithumele kwiifowuni zedesika, ii-dispatch consoles, ii-apps zeselfowuni, okanye amaqela okhuseleko.

Kutheni usebenzisa i-PoE xa kufakwa i-SIP intercom?

Umbane phezu kwe-Ethernet uvumela intambo enye yeCat5e okanye yeCat6 ukuba ibonelele ngonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi kunye namandla, kunciphisa umsebenzi wombane owahlukileyo kwaye kube lula ukufakela kwiingcango, amasango, nakwiindawo zoncedo.

Ngaba ii-intercom ze-SIP zifanelekile kwiindawo zoshishino ezinzima?

Ewe, xa yakhelwe okusingqongileyo. Ii-intercom ze-SIP eziqinileyo nezingenawo amanzi, ezingangeni manzi, okanye ezingaqhumiyo zisetyenziswa kwimigodi, kwioyile nakwigesi, kwezothutho, kwezolwandle, kwiikhampasi nakwiinkqubo zokhuseleko.