Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka umenzi wefowuni ongakwazi ukuqhuma abe nazo?

• I-ATEX ibalulekile ekuthengisweni kweendawo ezinobungozi ze-EU, kodwa ayisiyo kuphela isiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo.
• I-IECEx yongeza ukuthembeka kwamanye amazwe kuba isebenzisa uvavanyo lokukhusela ukuqhuma kunye namaxwebhu aziwayo kwihlabathi liphela.
• Uvavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso kufuneka lubandakanye ukhuseleko lwendawo ebiyelweyo, ukuqinisekiswa kodidi lobushushu, i-EMC, impembelelo, kunye nokuthembeka kokungena kwikhebula.
• Kubathengi, i-QMS yomenzi, ukulandeleka, kunye nobubanzi besatifikethi zibalulekile njengelebheli ekwindawo ebiyelweyo.
• Umthengisi ongcono angayifaka ifowuni kwindawo efanelekileyo, iqela legesi, udidi lothuli, kunye nendlela yokufakela ngaphambi kokuba abize.

An umenzi wefowuni othintela ukuqhumakufuneka ihlolwe ngokuchasene nosapho oluqhelekileyo olukwindawo enobungozi, kungekuphela nje imifanekiso yemveliso okanye amabango okuthengisa. Umzekelo, izixhobo ze-ATEX ezibekwe kwiindawo eziqhumayo kufuneka zihambelane ne-Directive 2014/34/EU, ngelixa i-IEC 60079-0 ichaza iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo zeendawo eziqhumayo kwaye i-IEC 60079-1 igubungela iindawo ezivalekileyo ezingatshiyo. Kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani, uvavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso luguqula ifowuni ejongeka iqinile ibe sisixhobo sokhuseleko esinokusetyenziswa. Ukuba iprojekthi ikwafuna ukumelana nemozulu, abathengi abaninzi baya kukhangela idatha yokukhusela ukungena efana ne-IP66 okanye i-IP67, kwaye ukuba ukufakwa kukwisityalo esinengxolo ephezulu, baya kukhathalela nemveliso yesandi kunye nokusebenza kwemakrofoni. Umenzi opapasha ububanzi besatifikethi, iirekhodi zovavanyo, kunye nemida yesicelo usindisa iinjineli ixesha kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokuthobela imithetho. Iintsapho zemveliso ezifanelekileyo zinokuphononongwa ngokusebenzisaiifowuni ezingavumeli ukuqhuma, iifowuni ezimelana nemozulukunyeiifowuni ezingxamisekileyo.

Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka umenzi wefowuni ongakwazi ukuqhuma abe nazo?

Ingqokelela yesatifikethi esichanekileyo ixhomekeke kwimarike yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ulwahlulo lweendawo ezinobungozi, kunye noyilo lwemveliso.

Kubathengi abaninzi bemizi-mveliso, impendulo encinci eyamkelekileyo iqala ngoIsatifikethi se-ATEXeYurophu kunyeIECExkwiiprojekthi zemimandla emininzi. I-ATEX sisakhelo sezomthetho kwiManyano yaseYurophu, ngelixa i-IECEx yinkqubo yovavanyo lokuhambelana kwehlabathi esekwe kwimigangatho ye-IEC yeemeko eziqhumayo. Ukuba ifowuni iza kufakwa eMntla Melika, umenzi kufuneka aqonde nendlela yasekuhlaleni phantsi kweNqaku le-NEC 500/505 kunye neemfuno zomzimba wesatifikethi ezihambelanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, umenzi akanakuthi nje "ayinabungqina bokuqhuma" aze ayeke apho; kufuneka ibonise indlela echanekileyo yesatifikethi segunya elicetywayo.

Kubathengi bobuchwephesha, inombolo yesatifikethi ayibalulekanga kangako kuneububanzi. Isikali kufuneka sibonise inqanaba lokhuseleko lwezixhobo, iqela legesi okanye uthuli, udidi lobushushu, kunye nendawo evumelekileyo yokufaka. Ifowuni eqinisekisiweyo yeZone 2 ayamkelekanga ngokuzenzekelayo kwiZone 1, kwaye indawo evalekileyo eqinisekisiweyo yothuli ayifanelekanga ngokuzenzekelayo kwimozulu yegesi. Loo mahluko yenye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo zokufumana izinto ekuthengeni ukhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso.

Kuphononongo lokuthengwa kwempahla, umbuzo oluncedo kakhulu asingowokuba “Ngaba unesatifikethi?” kodwa ngulo “Ngowuphi umgangatho, ngowuphi ummandla, ngowuphi udidi lwegesi, nangowuphi udidi lobushushu?” Loo mazwi anyanzela umthengisi ukuba anike impendulo esebenzisekayo. Umzekelo, isakhelo saseYurophu sisebenzisa iindidi ezifana no-1, 2, no-3, kwaye uphawu lobuchwephesha kufuneka luhambelane nemeko yokufakelwa yokwenyani. Ingxaki enkulu.umenzi wefowuni othintela ukuqhumandiza kuyipapasha ngokucacileyo loo maphu endaweni yokufihla idatha eqhelekileyo.

Kutheni isiqinisekiso se-ATEX sodwa singanelanga kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso

I-ATEX ibalulekile, kodwa ayithathi indawo yobunzulu bovavanyo, ulawulo lokuvelisa, okanye ukuqinisekiswa kwesicelo.

Abathengi abaninzi bagxila kwiIsatifikethi se-ATEXkuba kulula ukuyiqonda, kodwa oko kunokudala ukuzithemba okungekhoyo. Ifowuni eqinisekisiweyo isadinga ukufezekisa iimfuno ezisebenzayo zesiza: ukuvezwa kwegesi erhabaxa, ukutshiza ngamanzi, ukungcangcazela, ukusebenzisa iintambo ezinde, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantu. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso kufuneka lubandakanye okungaphezulu kunendlela yokukhusela ukuqhuma ngokwayo. Kufuneka ikwagubungele ukhuseleko lokungena, impembelelo yoomatshini, ukuziphatha kobushushu, kunye nokusebenza kwe-EMC.

Umzekelo, iireyithingi ze-IP zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye nesatifikethi sendawo enobungozi.I-ISO 20653:2013, amanqanaba okhuseleko kwizinto zangaphandle, amanzi, kunye nokufikelela achazwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo enceda iinjineli ukuba zithelekise ukuqina kodonga. Kwiimeko zezityalo ezisebenzayo, i-IP66 okanye i-IP67 inokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuba isixhobo esingatshiyo esivumela umswakama ungene kwigumbi lokugcina izinto siya kusilela ukusebenza nokuba udidi lwaso lokhuseleko lokuqhuma luchanekile. Yingakho ingxelo yovavanyo lomenzi kufuneka ibandakanye zombini isiqinisekiso esinxulumene nokuqhuma kunye neziphumo zokuqina kokusingqongileyo.

Kumaqela okuthenga, indlela eluncedo yokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ilula: ukuba umthengisi akanakukwazi ukuchaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwesatifikethi, ukutywinwa kwe-enclosure, kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa, umngcipheko mhlawumbi uphezulu kakhulu kwindawo enobungozi. Ukusilela okuninzi kwemizi-mveliso akubangelwa sisatifikethi esingekhoyo, kodwa ziindlela ezimfutshane zokufakela, iintambo ezingafanelekanga, okanye izitywini ezonakeleyo emva kokulungiswa.

Uvavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso lunamandla kakhulu xa lubonisa ukusetyenziswa kokwenyani, kungekuphela nje kwesiseko selebhu. Umenzi olungileyo unokuchaza indlela imveliso eziphatha ngayo xa kufakwa intambo, kufakwa umhlaba, kunye neemeko zokuvula inkonzo, kuba ezo ziindawo apho umngcipheko wentsimi udla ngokubonakala khona.

Indlela yokuvavanya umenzi wefowuni ongakwaziyo ukuqhuma ukuze afumane ubunzulu bokuthobela imithetho

Ubunzulu bokuthobela imithetho bubonakala kumgangatho woxwebhu, ukulandeleka, kunye noyilo.

Xa kuvavanywaumenzi wefowuni othintela ukuqhuma, uphawu olunamandla kakhulu alulo uphawu olukwiphaneli engaphambili. Lumgangatho wefayile yobugcisa. Umthengisi othobelayo kufuneka anike uphawu lwemveliso, iireferensi ezisemgangathweni, ukufaneleka kwendawo, imiyalelo yokufakela, imida yokugcinwa, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezinto ezingasetyenziswayo. Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, umthengisi kufuneka abonise nendlela ifowuni ehambelana ngayo nenkqubo yonxibelelwano ebanzi, njengezikhululo zefowuni ezingxamisekileyo, iipeji zoshishino, okanye iinethiwekhi ze-intercom ezixhonywe eludongeni.

Enye indlela esebenzayo yokuvavanya ukuvuthwa kukuphonononga ukuba umenzi unenkqubo yokuvavanya nokuvelisa ephindaphindwayo na. Isatifikethi se-ISO 9001 asilomgangatho wokukhusela ukuqhuma, kodwa sisaluncedo kuba sibonisa iinkqubo ezilawulwayo, uqeqesho lwesenzo sokulungisa, kunye nokulandeleka. Kwizixhobo ezinobungozi, ezo nkqubo zilawula zibalulekile kuba utshintsho oluncinci lwezinto okanye ukuphambuka kwendibano kunokutshintsha ukunyuka kobushushu, ukutywinwa, okanye ukuqina. Kwiindawo ezifuna ukuhlanganiswa kokhuseleko loluntu, amaqela obunjineli ahlala ebuza malunga nokuhambelana neephaneli ze-alamu okanye imisebenzi yocingo edibeneyo ne-SCADA.

1. Cela ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nomgangatho wesatifikethi, hayi incwadana yemveliso eqhelekileyo.
2. Jonga ukuba uphawu lwemveliso luyahambelana na nendawo yokufakela kunye nodidi lwegesi okanye lothuli.
3. Qinisekisa umlinganiselo we-IP kunye nesiseko sovavanyo lokuvezwa kwamanzi nothuli.
4. Hlola imiyalelo yolondolozo yokutshintshwa kwe-gland, ukuhlolwa kwe-gasket, kunye neenkqubo zokuvula.
5. Qinisekisa ukuba iinxalenye ezingasetyenziswayo kunye nolawulo loqwalaselo zibhalwe phantsi ukuze zizalise umjikelo wobomi beprojekthi.

Kwizinto ezithengwayo ezisekelwe kwiprojekthi, olu xwebhu lunokuba ngumahluko phakathi kovavanyo oluthambileyo lokwamkelwa kwefektri kunye nokuqaliswa kwesiza okulibazisekileyo. Kubathengi abakha iinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano ezingxamisekileyo,iifowuni zoshishinokwayeiinkqubo zedilesi kawonkewonkezihlala zivavanywa kunye kuba indawo enye inokufuna umnxeba wasekuhlaleni, izaziso zokusasazwa, kunye nemiyalezo yokuphuma.

Yeyiphi imigangatho kunye nomlinganiselo obaluleke kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani ezinobungozi?

Imigangatho efanelekileyo ixhomekeke kwingozi, kodwa ingqiqo yokulinganisa engundoqo isoloko ifana.

Iiprojekthi zonxibelelwano lwendawo enobungozi zihlala zixhomekeke kwiinkalo ezintathu zobugcisa: uhlobo lokhuseleko, ukuqina kwendalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo. Uhlobo lokhuseleko luphendula ukuba isixhobo singaphila ngokukhuselekileyo na kwindawo leyo. Ukuqina kwendalo kuphendula ukuba singaqhubeka sisebenza phantsi kwemvula, uthuli, ukungcangcazela, inkungu yetyuwa, okanye ukujikeleza kobushushu. Ukusetyenziswa kuphendula ukuba abaqhubi banokunxibelelana ngenene ngexesha lee-alamu, ingxolo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kombane.

Ingongoma eluncedo yokubhekisa yi-IEC explosion-protection framework, echaza izixhobo ngokweendlela zokukhusela kunye neemeko zokufakela. Okwangoku, malunga nokumelana nokusingqongileyo, abathengi badla ngokujonga uvavanyo lwamanzi, uthuli, kunye nokugqwala. Kwiziseko zophuhliso zikawonke-wonke nakwiindawo zoshishino, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ifowuni kulindeleke ukuba ihlale iminyaka emininzi isetyenziswa, hayi usuku olunye lokubonisa. Apho uvavanyo luhambelana neendlela ezimiselweyo, kuba lula kumaqela obunjineli ukuthelekisa ababoneleli ngendlela echanekileyo.

Kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano kwizityalo ezinengxolo, ukusebenza kwesandi kunokubaluleka njengokuqinisekiswa. Ukuba umqhubi akanakuva okanye akaviwa, inkqubo isenokuhambelana nephepha kodwa ingasebenzi xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Yiyo loo nto abathengi abanamava bevavanya isixhobo kwindawo enengxolo yokwenyani ngaphambi kokuba bavume okokugqibela.

Injani iphakheji yesatifikethi esomeleleyo?

Iphakheji eqinileyo yesatifikethi idibanisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho, ubungqina bobuchwephesha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwentsimi.

Abavelisi ababalaseleyo bapakisha ubungqina babo ngendlela evumela amaqela obunjineli, i-HSE, kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla ukuba ayihlole ngokukhawuleza. Loo phakheji kufuneka ibandakanye isatifikethi, iireferensi ezisemgangathweni zokuvavanya, uphawu lwemveliso, imiyalelo yokufakela, ishedyuli yokulungisa, kunye nayo nayiphi na imida kwizixhobo. Kufuneka ibonise nokuba isixhobo senzelwe ukufakelwa eludongeni, ukufakelwa ngombane, ukufakelwa kweepali, okanye iindawo ezikhuselweyo zangaphakathi. Ezi nkcukacha zibalulekile kuba izixhobo ezikwindawo enobungozi zinobuthathaka kakhulu kumgangatho wofakelo.

Ngokutsho kwe-US National Institute of Standards and Technology,Ukulandelelana kwe-SI kunye nesifundo sokulinganisazibalulekile kubunjineli obuthembekileyo kunye nothelekiso lovavanyo. Ngokwenyani, oko kuthetha ukuba umenzi kufuneka akwazi ukubonisa indlela imilinganiselo yobushushu, iimvavanyo zokungena, kunye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu obulawulwa ngayo. Ukuba isixhobo sibanga umlinganiselo othile wokuvalwa okanye uluhlu lokusebenza, ubungqina obungaphantsi kufuneka bulandelelwe endaweni yokuba bube yimbali.

Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, ubukho be-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx bunokunciphisa umzamo wokufumana iziqinisekiso, ngelixa ukuvunywa kwemarike yasekuhlaleni kunokwenza lula ukusasazwa. Kodwa ububanzi besatifikethi buluncedo kuphela ukuba umenzi unokugcina ulawulo lwenguqulelo. Ikhibhodi ehlaziyiweyo, isitywino, okanye uyilo lwebhodi lunokubangela ukuvavanywa kwakhona, ngoko ke abathengi kufuneka babuze ukuba ulawulo lotshintsho lobunjineli lulawulwa njani ngokuhamba kwexesha.

• Isatifikethi kunye neereferensi ezisemgangathweni
• Indawo, iqela legesi, iqela lothuli, kunye neklasi yobushushu
• Isishwankathelo sovavanyo lwe-IP kunye novavanyo lokusingqongileyo
• Imiyalelo yokufaka kunye nokugcinwa
• Izixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo, ukungena kwintambo, kunye nokuhambelana nezixhobo
• Umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lotshintsho lohlaziyo loyilo

Indlela abathengi abafanele bathelekise ngayo ababoneleli ngaphandle kokulahleka kwintetho yobugcisa

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthelekisa kukufumana amanqaku kubathengisi ngokokuthobela imithetho, ukuqina kwayo, kunye nokulingana kwayo neprojekthi.

Ukuthelekisaumenzi wefowuni othintela ukuqhumaKulula xa iqela lisebenzisa uluhlu lokukhangela endaweni yemibono ezimeleyo. Qala ngokwahlula ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho okunyanzelekileyo kwiimpawu ezinqwenelekayo. Izinto eziyimfuneko ziquka isiqinisekiso esichanekileyo sendawo enobungozi, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wendawo, kunye nezixhobo zokufakela ezifanelekileyo. Izinto ezinqwenelekayo ziquka ukuqondwa ngcono kwesandi, ukhuseleko oluphambili lwekhiphedi, kunye nokufikelela okulula ekugcinweni.

Umzekelo, umboneleli okhonza iprojekthi yokucoca unokufuna ukubonisa ukhuseleko lokuqhuma kuqala, ngelixa umboneleli wendawo erhabaxa engaselunxwemeni enokufuna ubungqina obuqinileyo bokumelana netyuwa kunye nokuxhathisa i-UV. Iprojekthi yentolongo, itonela, okanye i-metro isenokukhathalela ngakumbi ukumelana nokonakaliswa kunye nokufikelela okulawulwayo kunokuqinisekiswa kwendawo yegesi. Usapho olufanayo lwesixhobo alunakwanelisa ngokuzenzekelayo yonke imeko yokusetyenziswa, yiyo loo nto imephu yesicelo ibalulekile.

Xa abathengi becela ezi nkcukacha kwangethuba, banciphisa umngcipheko weprojekthi kwaye banciphise imijikelo yokuvunywa. Oko kubaluleke kakhulu kwii-EPC kunye nabahlanganisi ekufuneka bangenise amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho ngaphambi kokuba bathunyelwe, kungekhona emva kokufakwa.

Zeziphi ezinye iziqinisekiso kunye nezenzo ezikhulisa ukuthembana?

Ukuthembana kuyakhula xa umenzi ekwazi ukubonisa ingqeqesho yenkqubo ngaphaya kokhuseleko lokuqhuma.

Nangona i-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx zizezona ziqinisekiso ziphambili, iindlela ezininzi ezixhasayo ziphucula ukuzithemba. Ulawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001, ukuhlolwa okubhaliweyo okungenayo, ukulandelelwa kwelothi, kunye nokulinganiswa okulawulwayo kwezixhobo zovavanyo zonke zinegalelo ekuthembekeni. Kwezinye iiprojekthi, umthengi unokucela izibhengezo ze-RoHS okanye ze-REACH zokuthobela izinto eziphathekayo, ingakumbi ukuba iprojekthi ineemfuno zokuthumela ngaphandle okanye zozinzo. Akukho nanye kwezi ithatha indawo yesatifikethi sendawo enobungozi, kodwa xa zidibene zibonisa umbutho wokuvelisa ovuthiweyo.

Esinye isignali esiluncedo kukuba ingaba umthengisi upapasha imida ecacileyo yesicelo. Umenzi othembekileyo uya kuthi apho imveliso ingafanele isetyenziswe khona, njengakwindawo ephezulu, iqela legesi elahlukileyo, okanye udidi oluqinileyo lokusingqongileyo. Olu hlobo lokuzibamba luphawu oluhle kuba lubonisa uqeqesho lobunjineli endaweni yokubanga ngokugqithisileyo.

Ukuba wakha inkqubo yonxibelelwano oluxubileyo, kunokuba luncedo ukuyiphononongaiifowuni ezingenazingcingokwayeIifowuni ze-SIPkunye neemodeli zendawo enobungozi, kuba iiprojekthi ezininzi zoshishino zidibanisa umnxeba ongxamisekileyo, unxibelelwano lokuthunyelwa kweenkonzo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga neziqinisekiso zomenzi wefowuni ongakwazi ukuqhuma

1. Ngaba i-ATEX yanele umenzi wefowuni ongakwaziyo ukuqhuma?

I-ATEX yanele kuphela kwiimfuno ezithile zemarike ye-EU, kodwa iiprojekthi ezininzi zikwafuna imvume ye-IECEx okanye imvume yendawo enobungozi, kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso lokuqina kwendalo.

2. Sesiphi isiqinisekiso esibaluleke kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokuthumela ngaphandle?

I-IECEx idla ngokuba yeyona iluncedo kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokuthumela ngaphandle kuba ixhasa uvavanyo lokuhambelana oluvunyiweyo kwihlabathi liphela kwiimarike ezininzi.

3. Ngaba ifowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma nayo ifuna i-IP66 okanye i-IP67?

Akusoloko kungokomthetho, kodwa iindawo ezininzi zoshishino zifuna ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lokungena kuba uthuli, imvula, kunye neemeko zokulahla uthuli zinokutshabalalisa izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo kuphela ekuqhumeni.

4. Yeyiphi imigangatho endifanele ndiyicele ukuba ndiyibone ngaphandle kwe-ATEX?

Cela i-IEC 60079-0, i-IEC 60079-1 ukuba uyilo olungenamlilo lufunwa, kunye nereferensi yovavanyo lwe-EMC efanelekileyo.

5. Ndingazi njani ukuba ifowuni ikhuselekile kwiZone 1 okanye kwiZone 2?

Jonga uphawu lwezixhobo kwisatifikethi nakwiphepha ledatha; iZone 1 kunye neZone 2 azitshintshiselwana, kwaye umenzi kufuneka achaze ngqo indawo evumelekileyo.

6. Kutheni uxwebhu lubaluleke kangaka?

Kuba izixhobo ezikwindawo enobungozi zixhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zokufakela, imithetho yokugcinwa, kunye nolawulo lwenguqulelo, kungekuphela nje kwizixhobo ngokwazo.

7. Ndingenza ntoni ukuba umthengisi unika incwadana kuphela?

Cela isatifikethi, iireferensi ezisemgangathweni, incwadi yemiyalelo yokufaka, imiyalelo yolondolozo, kunye nophawu oluchanekileyo ngaphambi kokuba udlulele kwimvume yobugcisa.

Ukuthenga unxibelelwano olunobungozi, eyona nto ingconoumenzi wefowuni othintela ukuqhumayileyo inokubonisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho, ichaze uvavanyo lokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso ngolwimi olucacileyo, kwaye ifanise isixhobo neemeko zangempela zendawo. Loo ndibaniselwano yiyo enciphisa ukulibaziseka kokugunyaziswa, ikhusela abasebenzi, kwaye igcina inkqubo isebenziseka xa imeko-bume imbi kakhulu.