Iifowuni ezi-7 eziphezulu zoBungqina bokuqhuma koKhuseleko lweMizi-mveliso

Intshayelelo

Kwiindawo zoshishino ezinobungozi, isixhobo esiphathwayo esingalunganga sinokuguqula unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo lube ngumngcipheko wokutsha. Eli nqaku lihlola iifowuni ezisixhenxe ezingaqhumiyo ezenzelwe iindawo ezineegesi ezitshayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli olutshayo, ligxile kwiimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko. Uza kufunda indlela ezi zixhobo ezahluke ngayo kwiifowuni ezisemgangathweni, zeziphi iziqinisekiso kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko ekufuneka zijongwe, kunye nendlela izinto ezifana noyilo lwebhetri, ukuqina, inkxaso yenethiwekhi, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwezandla ezichaphazela ngayo imisebenzi yasentsimini. Isishwankathelo senzelwe ukunceda abaphathi bokhuseleko, iinjineli, kunye namaqela okuthenga athelekise iindlela ngokuzithemba ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba angene kuhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemveliso.

Kutheni Iifowuni Ezingqina Ukuqhuma Zibalulekile Kukhuseleko Lwemizi-mveliso

Iindawo zoshishino ezibonakaliswa bubukho beegesi ezitshayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli oluvuthayo zifuna iziseko zonxibelelwano ezikhethekileyo ukuze kugcinwe ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Izixhobo eziphathwayo zabathengi eziqhelekileyo zizisa iingozi ezinkulu zokutsha kwezi ndawo zinobungozi, nto leyo eyenza ukusetyenziswaiifowuni ezithintela ukuqhumaumyalelo obalulekileyo wokuthobela imithetho nokhuseleko.

Ezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-smartphones ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi, zenzelwe ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwamandla ombane okanye obushushu aneleyo okuqalisa umxube othile onobungozi emoyeni. Ukusebenzisa icebo lonxibelelwano oluqinileyo lweselula kusetyenziswa ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisiweyo kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo amathuba eziganeko eziyingozi zoshishino ngelixa kuvumela ukutshintshiselana kwedatha ngexesha langempela kunye nentsebenziswano ekude.

Indlela iifowuni ezithintela ukuqhuma ezinciphisa ngayo iingozi zonxibelelwano

Izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo zabathengi zineendlela ezininzi zokukhanyisa, kuquka ii-short circuits zebhetri, ukukhupha i-electrostatic, kunye nokushisa kakhulu kwecandelo. Ibhetri yefowuni eqhelekileyo inokuvelisa ngokulula i-micro-spark edlula i-0.25 millijoules (mJ), edlula amandla amancinci okukhanyisa afunekayo kwiingxube ezininzi ze-hydrocarbon-air eziguquguqukayo.

Iifowuni ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma zinciphisa le mingcipheko ngemigaqo yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi. Ngokubeka umda ngokungqongqo kumbane kunye ne-voltage ekhoyo kwisekethe yesixhobo—naphantsi kweemeko ezimbi kakhulu—ezi fowuni ziqinisekisa ukuba naluphi na uhlaselo olunokubakho luhlala lungaphantsi kakhulu kwimida ebalulekileyo yokutsha. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu eziphucukileyo zithintela ubushushu bomphezulu, zithintela isixhobo ekubeni sisebenze njengomthombo wokutsha kobushushu nangona ngexesha lemisebenzi enzima yokucubungula okanye ukudluliselwa kwexesha elide kweselula kumaqondo obushushu angqongileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-+60°C.

Amashishini kunye neemeko ezinobungozi ezizidingayo

Imfuneko yezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezithintela ukuqhuma ibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso.imboni yeoyile negesi, imisebenzi yokugrumba enyukayo kunye neendawo zokucoca ezisezantsi komlambo zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwe-ATEX Zone 1 (iigesi) kunye neendawo zeZone 2. Iifektri zokucubungula iikhemikhali zifuna izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi ukulawula iingozi ezinxulumene nezinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo, izixhobo ezifuna amandla ezingayi kuqhuma ngexesha lokusebenza rhoqo okanye ukuwa ngengozi.

Ngaphandle kweekhemikhali zepetrochemicals, ezolimo,amacandelo ezemigodi, kunye namayezazijongene neengozi ezinkulu zothuli olunokutsha. Iindawo zokuphatha iinkozo kunye nemisebenzi yokugaya amayeza zihlala zihlelwa njengeendawo ezinobungozi zeZone 21 okanye zeZone 22. Kwezi ndawo, ukuqokelelwa kothuli olunokutsha kwisixhobo esiqhelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekugqunyweni kobushushu kunye nokutsha okulandelayo. Iifowuni ezithintela ukuqhuma ezenzelwe iindawo zothuli zinokhuseleko olukhethekileyo lokungena ukuze zivale ngokupheleleyo iinxalenye, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwezi meko ziguquguqukayo kakhulu.

Yintoni echaza ifowuni enobungqina bokuqhuma

Ukuchonga ifowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma kufuna ukujonga ngaphaya kwamabango okuthengisa asemgangathweni. Izixhobo zokwenyani ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma zichazwa yiseti engqongqo yeziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ubunjineli behardware ekhethekileyo, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko ezizinikeleyo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa abasebenzi bemizi-mveliso abasengozini enkulu.

Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zilinganisele iimfuno zokubala zesoftware yanamhlanje yemizi-mveliso kunye nemida yamandla engqongqo efunekayo ukugcina ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindlela zokwakha eziphathwayo ezikhethekileyo kakhulu.

Iziqinisekiso, ukulinganiswa kokungena, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko yangaphakathi

Inkcazo esisiseko yefowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma isekelwe kwiziqinisekiso zayo zomthetho. Izixhobo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yengingqi neyehlabathi efana neUmyalelo we-ATEX 2014/34/EUeYurophu, kwi-IECEx kwihlabathi liphela, kunye ne-UL913 okanye imigangatho yeKlasi/yeCandelo eMntla Melika. Ezi ziqinisekiso zichaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezinobungozi (umz., iZone 1/21 yomngcipheko ophezulu, iZone 2/22 yomngcipheko ophantsi) isixhobo esivumelekileyo ngokusemthethweni ukungena kuso.

Okudibene nokhuseleko lwangaphakathi kukho ukungeniswa okugqithisileyo kunye nokulinganiswa kokuqina. Iimfuno ezisemgangathweni ziquka isiqinisekiso se-IP68, esiqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo singakwazi ukumelana nokuntywiliselwa emanzini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 yeemitha ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30, kunye nokukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo ekungeneni kothuli oluncinci. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zixhobo kufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo oluqatha lokuwa, oluhlala luhambelana nemigangatho ye-MIL-STD-810H, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiqobo yangaphakathi ekhuselekileyo ihlala injalo nokuba emva kokuwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-1.2 yeemitha kwikhonkrithi eqinileyo.

Uyilo lwebhetri, ukutyhala ukuze uthethe, kunye neempawu zomsebenzi ozimeleyo

Uyilo lweebhetri lulawulwa kakhulu kwiifowuni ezingaqhumiyo. Ukuthintela ukufudumala kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa amandla akhoyo okusilela, amandla ebhetri ahlala encitshisiwe, ahlala ephakathi kwe-3000 mAh kunye ne-4400 mAh kwizixhobo zeZone 1. Ezi bhetri zihlanganiswe ngokusisigxina okanye zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokususa ukuthintela ukuqhawuka ngengozi kwindawo enobungozi, enokubangela umjikelo obulalayo.

Ngaphaya kokhuseleko lwezixhobo, ezi fowuni zichazwa ziimpawu zazo zokusebenza. Amaqhosha e-Push-to-Talk (PTT) azinikeleyo avumela unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo, olufana nomsakazo kwiinethiwekhi zeselula, oluyimfuneko kubasebenzi abanxibe iiglavu ezikhuselayo ezinzima. Ukongeza, i-Lone Worker Protection (LWP) edibeneyo isebenzisa ii-accelerometers kunye nee-gyroscopes zefowuni ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga; umzekelo, ukuchonga ukuthambeka kweedigri ezingama-60 okubonisa ukuba umsebenzi uwile, okanye ukuwa okuhlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzwana eyi-0.5, okudala ngokuzenzekelayo iiprotokholi ze-SOS ezingxamisekileyo kunye nee-GPS coordinates zokusasaza.

Iifowuni ezi-7 eziphezulu ezingqina ukuqhuma xa zithelekiswa

Imarike yeefowuni ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma ikhethekile kakhulu, ilawulwa liqela elikhethiweyo labavelisi abatyala imali eninzi kubunjineli bokuthobela imithetho. Ukukhetha imodeli efanelekileyo kufuna ukuvavanya ulwahlulo oluthile lweendawo ezinobungozi zesixhobo ngokuthelekisa amandla okusebenza kwesixhobo.

Ngelixa ii-smartphones eziqhelekileyo zikhuphisana ngesisombululo sekhamera kunye nobukhulu be-bezel, iimodeli ezikwaziyo ukuqhuma zikhuphisana ngokuqina, ububanzi besatifikethi, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo zoshishino ezinzima.

Indlela iimodeli ezi-7 eziphezulu ezithelekiswa ngayo

Izixhobo eziphambili kwimarike ekhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi zibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza indlela iimodeli ezisixhenxe ezibalaseleyo ezithelekiswa ngayo kwiimilinganiselo ezibalulekileyo zoshishino.

Iimodeli ezenzelwe iindawo zeZone 1/21 zinemida yamandla engqongqo, ngelixa izixhobo zeZone 2, ezifana neSonim RS60 okanye ii-iPhones ze-Atexxo eziguquliweyo, zibonelela ngomthamo ophezulu webhetri kunye neempawu ezibanzi ezifana nezabathengi ngenxa yemida yokulawula ekhululekileyo kancinci.

Urhwebo oluphambili phakathi kweendlela eziphambili

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi modeli zibalaseleyo kufuna ukujongwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshintshiselana. Eyona mvumelwano ibalulekileyo iphakathi kwesimo kunye novavanyo lwendawo enobungozi. Izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zeZone 1 zisebenzisa imbiza yangaphakathi enzima kunye neengxowa ezikhethekileyo ezingahambisi moya, ezihlala zityhala ubunzima besixhobo ngaphaya kwe-300 grams kwaye zikhokelela kwiprofayili enkulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izixhobo zeZone 2 zilula kwaye zisondelelene nobuhle babathengi kodwa azinakuthathwa ngokusemthethweni kwiindawo zezityalo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu.

Olunye utshintsho olubalulekileyo lubandakanya ukusebenza kwesandi xa kuthelekiswa nobomi bebhetri. Iindawo zoshishino zihlala zidlula i-90 decibels (dB) yengxolo engqongileyo. Izixhobo ezifana ne-Ecom Smart-Ex 02 kunye ne-i.safe MOBILE IS530.1 zinee-loudspeakers ezijonge phambili ezisebenzisa i-95 dB ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo ye-PTT iyavakala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhuba ezi zithethi zikhupha isandi esiphezulu kunye nokulandelela okuqhubekayo kwe-GPS ukhuseleko lomsebenzi omnye ngokukhawuleza kunciphisa iibhetri ezikhuselekileyo, zihlala zifuna imigaqo engqongqo yolawulo lwamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo siphila kwi-shift eqhelekileyo yokusebenza yeeyure ezili-12.

Indlela yokuthelekisa iindleko kunye nezinto zokuthenga

Ukuthenga iifowuni ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma kuthetha inkcitho enkulu yemali, iindleko zeyunithi nganye ngokubanzi ziqala kwi-$1,200 kwizixhobo zeZone 2 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$3,500 kwiifowuni zeZone 1 eziphambili. Ukuvavanya ezi zixhobo kufuna uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwezemali oluya ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga.

Abaphathi bokuhamba kwamashishini kufuneka babale iXabiso lilonke lobuNini (i-TCO) ngokujonga izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ulawulo lomjikelo wobomi, kunye neendleko ezifihlakeleyo zokungasebenzi kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo.

Imigaqo etyhila iindleko zizonke zobunini

Ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zokuqala kudla ngokuba yi-40% ukuya kwi-50% kuphela yeendleko zizonke zobunini befowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma. Iindleko eziseleyo zisasazwa kwilayisensi yesoftware, ukuthengwa okukhethekileyo kwezixhobo ezingaphandle, kunye nenkxaso ye-IT eqhubekayo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima, ukuguguleka koomatshini kuyakhawuleza; nangona kunjalo, imeko yazo eqinileyo ithetha ukuba umjikelo wokutshintshwa uhlala uyiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, xa kuthelekiswa nomjikelo weminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-2 wezixhobo zabathengi kwiindawo zoshishino.

Ixesha lokungasebenzi lelona xesha libalulekileyo ekubalweni kwe-TCO. Ukuba isixhobo somthengi siyasilela kwindawo yokuhluza, umsebenzi akanakutshintsha nje ibhetri okanye asebenzise ifowuni yomthengi yexeshana, njengoko ukwenza njalo kuphula imigaqo yokhuseleko. Ixabiso lomsebenzi ongasebenziyo kwi-intanethi, okanye izigwebo ezinokubakho zokwaphulwa komthetho, zingaphezulu kakhulu kwiprimiyamu ehlawulwayo yesixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo esikhuselekileyo esinesilinganiselo sokungaphumeleli kwehardware sonyaka esiqinisekisiweyo esingaphantsi kwe-1%.

Ukufunyanwa, inkonzo, iindawo ezingasetyenziswayo, i-MDM, kunye nenkxaso yabathwali

Ukuthengwa kwezinto ngobuchule kufuna ukuvavanya inkxaso yabathengisi kunye neendlela zokuhambisa izinto. Abavelisi okanye abasasazi abakhethekileyo badla ngokunyanzelisa ubuNinzi beMinimum Order (MOQs), obuqhele ukuba phakathi kweeyunithi ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-50 ngamaxabiso apheleleyo eshishini kunye nokubonelela nge-firmware eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Imibutho kufuneka iqinisekise ukufikelela okuqinisekisiweyo kwiindawo ezisele eziqinisekisiweyo; ukutshintsha isikrini okanye ibhetri kwisixhobo esikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi kufuna amaziko eenkonzo agunyazisiweyo ukugcina ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ATEX/IECEx kusebenza.

Ngaphezu koko, amandla okudibanisa alawula ukusebenza kwexesha elide. Izixhobo kufuneka zixhase ukubhaliswa kwe-zero-touch kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunyeUlawulo lweSixhobo seSelfowuni (i-MDM)amaqonga okuhambisa iipatches zokhuseleko kude. Inkxaso yabathwali ibaluleke ngokulinganayo; amaqela okuthenga kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba izixhobo ezikhethiweyo ziqinisekisiwe kwiinethiwekhi zabucala ze-LTE/5G zoshishino (ezifana ne-CBRS band 48) okanye iinethiwekhi zokhuseleko loluntu ezikhethekileyo ezifana neFirstNet, ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olungaphazanyiswayo kwiindawo zoshishino ezikude okanye ezikhuselweyo kakhulu.

Indlela yokukhetha ifowuni engqina ukuqhuma

Ukukhetha ifowuni efanelekileyo ekwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo ehambelana nokuthobela imithetho kunye nokwamkelwa komsebenzisi. Isixhobo esingahambelaniyo sinokukhokelela kwiimbopheleleko ezinkulu zokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwentsimi, kunye nokuchithwa kwemali.

Ngokucwangcisa inkqubo yokukhetha ngokujikeleze uphicotho-zincwadi lobugcisa kunye novavanyo oluqatha lwentsimi, imibutho inokusebenzisa ngokuzithembaiinqwelo zonxibelelwano eziphathwayooko kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lweziko.

Inkqubo yokukhetha inyathelo ngenyathelo

Inkqubo yokukhetha kufuneka iqale ngophicotho olupheleleyo lwendawo. Amagosa okhuseleko kufuneka adwelise indawo ukuze amisele umlinganiselo ochanekileyo weendawo zeZone 1 xa kuthelekiswa nezeZone 2. Ukuba yi-10% kuphela yesakhiwo esidweliswe njengeZone 1, ukumisela ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zeZone 1 ezibizayo kunokuba yimfuneko; ukusasazwa kweenqwelo-mafutha ezixutyiweyo kunokuphucula uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Okulandelayo, amasebe e-IT kufuneka achaze iimfuno zesoftware, aqinisekise ukuba izixhobo ezikhethiweyo zixhasa imigangatho efunekayo ye-Android Enterprise Recommended okanye usetyenziso oluthile lokugcinwa oluyimfihlo.

Emva kophicotho-zincwadi lobuchwephesha, imibutho kufuneka iqhube inkqubo yovavanyo ecwangcisiweyo. Oku kuquka ukufaka iiyunithi zovavanyo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 zeemodeli ezidwelisiweyo kwindawo yokusebenza yokwenyani kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-90 zovavanyo. Ngeli nqanaba, abasebenzi basentsimini bavavanya izixhobo ngelixa benxibe Izixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu eziqhelekileyo (i-PPE), bevavanya ukuphendula kwesikrini ngeeglavu ezinzima kwaye bevavanya ukucaca kwesandi se-PTT kufutshane noomatshini abasebenzayo.

Iikhrayitheriya zesigqibo soluhlu lokugqibela olufutshane

Xa begqibezela uluhlu olufutshane, abenzi bezigqibo kufuneka bavavanye izixhobo ngokwemigangatho engqongqo yeshishini eyenzelwe iimeko ezinobungozi. Le matrix ingezantsi igxininisa izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwahlulahlula ngexesha lesigaba sokugqibela sokukhetha.

Isigqibo sokugqibela kufuneka sibe kukuvumelana phakathi kwesebe le-HSE (iMpilo, uKhuseleko, kunye nokusiNgqongileyo), ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibhokisi zokuthobela umthetho ziyajongwa, kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sisebenziseka ngokulula. Isixhobo esihlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yolawulo kodwa esinonxibelelwano olunzima kakhulu ukuba sisebenze ngeeglavu zoshishino ekugqibeleni siya kuphazamisa imveliso kwaye singaphumeleli kwigunya laso eliphambili lonxibelelwano.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seeFowuni zoBungqina bokuqhuma
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni eyenza ifowuni ingabi nabungozi bokuqhuma?

Kufuneka ibe neziqinisekiso zendawo enobungozi ezifana ne-ATEX, i-IECEx, okanye i-UL913, kunye novavanyo olufanelekileyo lweendawo ezifana ne-Zone 1/21 okanye i-Zone 2/22. Ubunzima bodwa alwanelanga.

Ngawaphi amashishini afuna iifowuni ezithintela ukuqhuma kakhulu?

Ioyile negesi, imigodi, izityalo zeekhemikhali, amayeza, ukuphathwa kweenkozo, iindawo zaselwandle, kunye neendawo zokwakha ezinegesi etshayo okanye uthuli olunokutsha zifuna izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo.

Ndingayikhetha njani ireyithingi efanelekileyo ye-hazard-zone?

Tshatisa isiqinisekiso sefowuni nohlu lwesiza sakho. Indawo 1/21 ifanele iindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu; Indawo 2/22 ifanele ukuvezwa komngcipheko omncinci. Soloko uqinisekisa iimfuno zokuthobela imithetho yendawo ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.

Kutheni ucinga ngeSiniwo ngeenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezithintela ukuqhuma?

I-Siniwo ibonelela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso ezinikezelwa kwindawo enye, ukusuka kuyilo nokudibanisa ukuya ekufakweni nasekugcinweni, kunye neemveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zeendawo ezinobungozi nezinzima kumazwe angaphezu kwama-70.

Ngaba iifowuni ezithintela ukuqhuma zanele kwinkqubo epheleleyo yokhuseleko lwemizi-mveliso?

Azisoloko zisebenza kakuhle ngeefowuni ezidityanisiweyo, ii-intercom, iibhokisi zefowuni ezingxamisekileyo, iinkqubo ze-PA, kunye ne-IP PBX/VoIP ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kuyo yonke indawo.