Ii-Top 10 Applications zeeFowuni zeMizi-mveliso ezingangeni manzi kwiindawo ezinzima

Intshayelelo

Kwiindawo apho amanzi, uthuli, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuvezwa kokubola kuyinto eqhelekileyo, izixhobo zonxibelelwano kufuneka zihlale zithembekile phantsi kweemeko eziya kucima izixhobo ezisemgangathweni. Iifowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi zakhiwe ngenxa yaloo ndima, zixhasa impendulo engxamisekileyo, ulungelelwaniso lwemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwiindawo ezifana neendawo zokucocisa, iitonela, amazibuko, kunye namaqonga aselunxwemeni. Eli nqaku lichaza izicelo ezilishumi ezisebenzayo zezi fowuni kwiindawo ezinzima, libonisa apho zibonelela khona ngexabiso eliphezulu, indlela ezinciphisa ngayo ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye nomngcipheko wokhuseleko, kunye nesizathu sokuba uyilo lwazo lubalulekile xa unxibelelwano lwelizwi olungaphazanyiswayo luyinxalenye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Kutheni Iifowuni Zemizi-mveliso Ezingangeni Manzi Zibalulekile

Iifowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi zimele icandelo elibalulekileyo leziseko zophuhliso kwiindawo apho izixhobo zonxibelelwano zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo ziya kusilela ngoko nangoko. Kwiindawo ezibonakaliswa kukufuma okukhulu, uthuli, kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu, ukugcina unxibelelwano lwelizwi oluqhubekayo akusiyonto nje yokulula kodwa yimfuneko engqongqo yokulawula kunye nokhuseleko. Ezi terminals zikhethekileyo zivala umsantsa phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo oluphakathi, ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zongxamiseko zinokwenziwa ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kwetekhnoloji.

Ubunjineli obusemva kwezi zixhobo bugxile ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezivakalayo ze-acoustic neze-elektroniki kwizinto zangaphandle ezinobundlongondlongo. Ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezivaliweyo ezivalwe nge-hermetically, iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezine-conformal-coated (PCBs), kunye nee-membranes ezikhethekileyo ze-acoustic, abavelisi bavelisa iindawo zokugcina izinto ezinokukwazi ukugcina ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwiindawo zoshishino ezingenabubele kwihlabathi.

Indlela abanciphisa ngayo umngcipheko wokusebenza

Ukusasazwa kweendawo zonxibelelwano eziqinileyo kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokunciphisa iingozi zokusebenza eziyingozi. Kumacandelo afana nokugrumba olwandle okanye ukucocwa kwe-petrochemical, iindleko zexesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga zinokudlula i-$10,000 ukuya kwi-$50,000 ngeyure. Xa kuvela into engaqhelekanga, ukukwazi ukunxibelelana ngoko nangoko negumbi lolawulo kunokuthintela impazamo encinci yoomatshini ekubeni ikhule iye ekuvalweni kwesakhiwo ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ezi zixhobo zinexesha eliphakathi phakathi kokusilela (MTBF) elihlala lidlula iiyure ezingama-50,000, xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili weeyure ezili-10,000 zeefowuni zeofisi zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthembeka kuqinisekisa ukuba amaxesha okuphendula ngongxamiseko ahlala ephantsi rhoqo, okunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwabasebenzi kunye nomonakalo okusingqongileyo ngexesha leziganeko ezibalulekileyo.

Imigangatho yokusebenza ephambili kunye novavanyo lwe-IP

Ukusebenza okusisiseko kwefowuni yemizi-mveliso engangeni manzi kulawulwa luvavanyo lwayo loKhuseleko lokungena (IP). Ukuze zibekwe njengezemizi-mveliso kwaye zingangeni manzi, izixhobo kufuneka zihlangabezane nomgangatho ophantsi we-IP66, oqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo ekungeneni kothuli kunye nokuxhathisa ulwandle olunzima okanye iijethi zamanzi ezinamandla. Iimodeli ezininzi eziphezulu zifikelela kuvavanyo lwe-IP67, okuvumela ukubaukuntywiliselwa okwethutyana emanzini angange-1 mithaimizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokonakala kokusebenza.

Ngaphaya komswakama nothuli, ukuqina kobushushu yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusebenza. Iifowuni zoshishino zenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwiibhendi zobushushu obugqithisileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi--40°C ukuya kwi-+70°C (-40°F ukuya kwi-158°F). Olu kunyamezela kobushushu obubanzi, oluhlala ludibene neziqinisekiso ze-NEMA 4X kwiimarike zaseMntla Melika, luqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki zangaphakathi azithintelwa kukufuma, ukubanda, okanye ukufudumeza.

Iikhrayitheriya zobugcisa zokuthelekisa iiModeli

Ukuvavanya iifowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi kufuna uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lokuqina kwazo koomatshini kunye noyilo lwazo lonxibelelwano olusisiseko. Iinjineli zokuthenga kufuneka zilinganise ukuqina komzimba kwento ebiyelweyo ngokuthelekisa amandla obuchwephesha esekethe yangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo neziseko zophuhliso zezityalo ezikhoyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-IP, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokukhuselwa kwempembelelo

Nangona ukulinganiswa kwe-IP kulawula ukufuma kunye nokumelana nothuli, ukhuseleko lokuphazamiseka lulinganiswa ngesikali se-IK. Ifowuni yeshishini esemgangathweni ophezulu idla ngokuba nomlinganiselo we-IK09 okanye we-IK10, oko kuthetha ukuba indawo ebiyelweyo inokumelana nempembelelo ye-kinetic ye-10 ukuya kwi-20 Joules—elingana nobunzima be-5 kg ​​obuwe phantsi kwi-400 mm. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo apho izixhobo eziwe phantsi okanye oomatshini abashukumayo bebeka umngcipheko rhoqo.

Ukumelana nokugqwala kulawulwa kakhulu kukukhethwa kwezinto. I-Glass Reinforced Polyester (GRP) inika ukhuseleko olupheleleyo kwi-chemical corrosion kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezine-asidi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Stainless Steel 316L inika amandla aphezulu oomatshini kwaye ngumgangatho ogqwesileyo kwiindawo zaselwandle apho ityuwa itshiza i-oxidation. Ii-aluminium alloy enclosures zibonelela ngomgangatho ophakathi, zibonelela ngokumelana okuphezulu kwi-impact ubunzima obuphantsi, ukuba ziphathwa nge-epoxy powder coating yangaphandle.

Uthelekiso lwe-Analog, i-VoIP, kunye ne-SIP

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokunxibelelana kulawula iziseko zophuhliso lweentambo, iimfuno zamandla, kunye nokukwazi ukuhlanganisa inethiwekhi yefowuni.

Iinkqubo ze-analog zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu apho ukusebenza kweentambo kudlula umda weemitha ezili-100 we-Ethernet esemgangathweni, kusetyenziswa ubhedu olujijekileyo ukufikelela kumgama ofikelela kwiimitha ezingama-5,000. Nangona kunjalo, iimodeli ze-VoIP kunye ne-SIP zilawula ngokukhawuleza ukufakwa okutsha. Ngokusebenzisa imigangatho yamandla phezu kwe-Ethernet (PoE) efana ne-IEEE 802.3af, ezi zixhobo zifuna intambo enye kuphela yedatha kunye namandla, okwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa kunye nokwenza kube lula iimpawu eziphambili ezifana nokubeka esweni impilo ngokuzenzekelayo.

Izinto zokufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokudibanisa

Ixabiso lilonke lobunini lichaphazeleka kakhulu zizinto zokufakela nokulungisa. Izixhobo eziyilwe nge-Mean Time To Repair ephantsi (MTTR)—ezihlala zine-modular faceplates kunye nezikrufu ezibambekileyo—zivumela iingcali ukuba zitshintshe izinto zangaphakathi ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-15 ngaphandle kokususa yonke indawo eludongeni okanye kwipilari.

Izinto zokudibanisa ziquka ubuchule bokulawula inethiwekhi. Iifowuni zanamhlanje ezingangeni manzi ezisekelwe kwi-SIPinkxaso yeProtokholi yoLawulo lweNethiwekhi elula(SNMP v2/v3), evumela amasebe e-IT ukuba athumele i-pini kwisixhobo, ajonge ukuthembeka kwefowuni, kwaye aqinisekise ukusebenza kwemakrofoni kude. Oku kususa imfuneko yokuvavanya ngesandla, ngokwasemzimbeni kwiindawo ezinkulu zoshishino.

Izicelo Eziqhelekileyo Kwiindawo Ezinzima

Iifowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi zisetyenziswa kumacandelo apho imigangatho yezorhwebo iya kujongana nokusilela okukhulu ngoko nangoko. Izinto ezithile ezibangela uxinzelelo kwindalo kwishishini ngalinye zilawula iimpawu ezifunekayo, ukusuka ekuphuculweni kwesandi ukuya kwiziqinisekiso zokhuseleko zangaphakathi.

Sebenzisa iimeko kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle, ezemigodi, nakwimizi-mveliso enzima

In amaqonga eoyile negesi aphesheya kolwandle, izixhobo zonxibelelwano zijongene nokuhlaselwa okungapheliyo okuvela kumswakama ongqongileyo oyi-95%, inkungu yetyuwa erhabaxa, kunye nokuvezwa kakhulu yi-UV. Apha, izivalo ezityheli okanye ezibomvu ezibonakalayo ezenziwe nge-GRP okanye i-Stainless Steel 316L ziyimfuneko. Kwicandelo lezemigodi, izixhobo kufuneka zisinde kwizinto ezinzima kunye nokuba khona kwegesi ye-methane eqhumayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufunyanwe iziqinisekiso ze-ATEX Zone 1 okanye Zone 2.

Imizi-mveliso enzima kunye nezakhiwo zenza umngeni owahlukileyo: ukuphazamiseka kwe-acoustic. Kwiindawo zokugaya intsimbi okanye kwizityalo zokunyathela apho ingxolo engqongileyo idlula i-110 dB rhoqo, iifowuni ezingangeni manzi kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeemakrofoni ezirhoxisa ingxolo kunye nee-amplifier ezidibeneyo (ngesiqhelo i-15W ukuya kwi-30W) ezikwaziyo ukuqhuba ii-PA zangaphandle. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iifowuni ezingenayo ziyaviwa kwaye ukudluliselwa kwelizwi okuphumayo kuhlala kuyaqondakala nangona kukho oomatshini abangqongileyo.

Apho bazisa khona ixabiso elikhulu

Ezi ziphumo zikhethekileyo zizisa imbuyekezo ephezulu kutyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezithe tyaba, ezifana nothungelwano lwezitimela, iitonela zeendlela ezinkulu, kunye namadama ombane. Kwitonela yeendlela ezinkulu, iifowuni eziqhelekileyo zongxamiseko zihlala zichaphazeleka kukudibana kwee-particles zomphunga wesithuthi kunye nokuhlamba okunoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.

Ngokusebenzisa iiyunithi zoshishino ezilinganiswe yi-IP67, amagunya ezothutho anokwandisa ubomi bezixhobo ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 okanye eli-15. Ixabiso alibonakali nje kuphela kwinkcitho-mali encitshisiweyo yeeyunithi zokutshintsha, kodwa nasekuncitshisweni okukhulu kweendleko zabasebenzi ezinxulumene nokuvala iindlela zeendlela okanye imizila kaloliwe ukuze kwenziwe ulondolozo.

Ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokuthengisana ngemiba efihliweyo

Ukukhetha ifowuni engenakungenwa manzi kudla ngokubandakanya ukutshintshiselana phakathi kokuthobela imithetho, indawo efunekayo, kunye nobunzima bendawo ebiyelweyo. Umzekelo, ukufumana isatifikethi se-ATEX kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuna ukhuseleko olungaphakathi kunye neendawo ezibiyelweyo eziqinileyo ezithintela iintlantsi zangaphakathi ekuvutheni iigesi zangaphandle.

Eli nqanaba lokhuseleko longeza ubukhulu obukhulu. Ifowuni eqhelekileyo engangeni manzi ye-aluminium inobunzima obumalunga ne-4 kg, okwenza kube lula ukuyifaka kwi-drywall eqhelekileyo okanye kwifreyimu yesakhiwo esikhaphukhaphu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-ATEX-certified, equivalent-proof cast equivalent kwi-heavy-duty GRP okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo inokudlula ngokulula i-8 ukuya kwi-10 kg, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iibrakethi zokufaka ezinzima kunye nokuqinisa isakhiwo kwindawo yokufakela.

Indlela yokukhetha ifowuni yeshishini engangeni manzi efanelekileyo

Ukufumana ifowuni yemizi-mveliso engangeni manzi kuthetha okungaphezulu kokukhetha isixhobo esine-IP rating ephezulu. Abathengi kufuneka balungelelanise iinkcukacha zabo zobugcisa neemfuno zomthetho wengingqi, uyilo lwenethiwekhi ekhoyo, kunye neenyani zekhonkco lokubonelela ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa okuphumelelayo nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Iziqinisekiso kunye neemfuno zokuthobela imithetho yesithili

Izixhobo zonxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso kufuneka zinamathele kwisiseko esingqongqo seziqinisekiso zengingqi nezemizi-mveliso ethile. KwiManyano yaseYurophu, ukumakishwa kwe-CE kunye nokuthobela i-RoHS ziimfuno ezisisiseko. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi, iziqinisekiso ze-ATEX (Europe) okanye ze-IECEx (Global) zimisela ukufaneleka kwezixhobo kwiindawo eziqhumayo. EMantla Melika, uluhlu lwe-UL kunye novavanyo lwe-NEMA enclosure (ezifana ne-NEMA 4 okanye i-4X) zisebenza njengomgangatho.

Kwizicelo zaselwandle nangaphandle kolwandle, abathengi kufuneka bajonge imvume yohlobo oluvela kwimibutho yokwahlulahlula iinqanawa efana ne-DNV/GL okanye i-ABS. Ukuthumela izixhobo ezingaqinisekiswanga kwezi ndawo zilawulwayo akupheleli nje ekupheliseni imigaqo-nkqubo yeinshorensi kodwa kunokubangela izohlwayo eziqatha zomthetho kunye nokuvalwa kwezixhobo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kokhuseleko.

Inkqubo yokukhetha inyathelo ngenyathelo

Inkqubo yokukhetha kufuneka ilandele indlela ecwangcisiweyo, inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuthintela iimpazamo ezibizayo zeenkcukacha. Okokuqala, yenza uhlalutyo lwe-acoustic lwendawo yokufakela. Ukuba ingxolo engqongileyo idlula i-85 dB, iinkcukacha kufuneka zibandakanye isibane sangaphandle esikhanyayo kunye ne-ringer horn yesibini ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kwefowuni.

Okwesibini, vavanya iziseko zophuhliso lweentambo. Qinisekisa ukuba indawo ifuna uqhagamshelo lwe-analog oludala lwe-2-wire okanye ukuba i-ethernet yeCat5e/Cat6 iyafumaneka na ukuze isetyenziswe kwi-SIP. Okwesithathu, vavanya ukufumaneka kwamandla. Ukuba i-PoE ayisebenzi ngenxa yemida yomgama, isixhobo kufuneka sixhase amandla e-AC (110V/220V) okanye i-DC (12V/24V/48V) yasekuhlaleni, enokufuna ii-conduits ezahlukeneyo ezikhusela imozulu.

Indlela yokuvavanya ababoneleli kunye namaxesha okufumana isibonelelo

Xa kuvavanywa abavelisi, abathengi kufuneka bahlolisise amandla emveliso,ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye namaxesha okukhokela okuhambaUmthengisi othembekileyo kufuneka abonise izinga lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwehardware elingaphantsi kwe-0.5% kwaye anikezele ngemigaqo yewaranti epheleleyo ethatha ubuncinane iinyanga ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-36.

Amaxesha okukhokela ahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokwenza ngokwezifiso kunye neziqinisekiso. Iimodeli eziqhelekileyo zeVoIP/SIP ezineereyithingi ze-IP67 eziqhelekileyo zihlala zinexesha lokukhokela leeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4. Nangona kunjalo, iimodeli ze-ATEX okanye iiyunithi ezikhuselekileyo ezifuna imibala ye-RAL eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye noqwalaselo lwe-firmware eyenzelwe wena zinokunyusa amaxesha okukhokela ukuya kwiiveki ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Ukongeza, abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ubuNcinci be-Order (ii-MOQ); ngelixa iiyunithi ezisemgangathweni zihlala zingenayo i-MOQ, iindawo ezifakwe imibala eyenzelwe wena zinokufuna i-MOQ yeeyunithi ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-50.

Isakhelo seSigqibo kunye neeNgcebiso zokugqibela

Ukugqityezelwa kokuthengwa kweefowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi kufuna ukulinganisela iindleko zemali kwangaphambili ngokuchasene nokuqina kokusebenza kwexesha elide. Ngokusebenzisa isakhelo sesigqibo esakhiweyo, abaphathi beziko kunye neenjineli zenethiwekhi banokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikhethiweyo zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano zesiza sabo esithile.

Imatriksi yezigqibo zokubeka phambili iimfuno

Ukuze kube lula ukwenza inkqubo yeenkcukacha ihambelane, abathengi banokusebenzisa le matrix ilandelayo yesigqibo ukuze balungelelanise imeko yokusasazwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko.

Ngokubeka phambili iimfuno ezisekelwe kule matrix, imibutho inokuphepha ukucacisa ngokugqithisileyo izixhobo zeendawo ezinobungozi ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Umzekelo, ukutyala imali kwiiyunithi ze-GRP eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX ezibizayo kukukhupha imali engeyomfuneko kwindawo yokugcina impahla ezenzekelayo eqhelekileyo, apho iyunithi ye-aluminium ye-IP66 inokwanela.

Iingcebiso zokugqibela zabathengi

Kwinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano lwezoshishino ezikhusela kwixesha elizayo, abathengi kufuneka babeke phambili kakhulu iiprotokholi ze-SIP ezivulekileyo kuneenkqubo ze-IP ezizimeleyo. Ukumisela i-SIP kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana neenkqubo ze-PBX zanamhlanje ezifana neCisco, i-Avaya, okanye i-Asterisk, okuphelisa ngempumelelo ukuvalelwa kwabathengisi kunye nokunciphisa iifizi zelayisensi yesoftware yexesha elide.

Ngaphezu koko, kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokubeka izinto ngaphaya kweeyunithi ezingama-20, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba kuchazwe iimodeli ezixhotyiswe ngamandla okuzixilonga aqinileyo kunye nenkxaso ye-SNMP. Intlawulo ehlawulelwayo kwangaphambili kwezi zifo zikrelekrele incitshiswa ngokukhawuleza kukususwa kweenkqubo zokulungisa ngesandla, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zonke zobunini ngelixa kwandiswa ukhuseleko lweziko.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seefowuni zezimboni ezingangeni manzi
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ziphi iifowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?

Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi, ioyile negesi, kwiindawo zokungena emanzini, kwiitonela, kwiindawo zokwakha, kumaqonga oololiwe, nakwiindawo zangaphandle ezingxamisekileyo apho amanzi, uthuli, kunye nokuphazamiseka kunokucima iifowuni eziqhelekileyo.

Yeyiphi i-IP rating endifanele ndiyikhethe kwifowuni yemizi-mveliso engangeni manzi?

Khetha ubuncinane i-IP66 yothuli olunzima kunye neejethi zamanzi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuntywiliselwa okwethutyana, khetha i-IP67 yokukhusela ngakumbi kwiindawo ezichitha amanzi okanye ezisengozini yezikhukula.

Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenzise iifowuni zoshishino ezingangeni manzi ze-analog okanye ze-VoIP?

Sebenzisa i-analog xa usebenzisa ikhebula elide kunye neenkqubo zakudala, rhoqo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 km. Khetha i-VoIP/SIP kwiinethiwekhi zanamhlanje, amandla e-PoE, kunye nokudibanisa okulula ne-IP PBX kunye namaqonga olawulo.

Iifowuni zemizi-mveliso zeSiniwo ezingangeni manzi ziziphatha njani iimeko ezinzima?

I-Siniwo iyila iifowuni eziqinileyo kwiindawo ezinzima nezinobungozi, ezineendlela ezimelana nemozulu nezinokumelana nokuqhuma, iindawo ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye nenkxaso yoyilo, ukudibanisa, ukufakela, kunye nokugcinwa.

Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ezibalulekileyo xa uthenga ifowuni yemizi-mveliso engangeni manzi?

Khangela i-ATEX ukuba indawo ineengozi zegesi okanye uthuli oluqhumayo, kunye ne-CE, i-FCC, i-ROHS, kunye ne-ISO9001 ukuze kuthotyelwe imithetho kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho. Kwakhona qinisekisa i-IP efunekayo kunye novavanyo lwempembelelo.