Indlela yokukhetha isithethi esifanelekileyo sezemizi-mveliso kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Kutheni isithethi esifanelekileyo sezemizi-mveliso sibalulekile

Kwizakhiwo zoshishino, imeko-bume yesandi ayisoloko icingelwa emva koko; yinto ebalulekileyo yokusebenza. Oomatshini abanzima, imigca yokucubungula uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha izinto zivelisa iiprofayili zengxolo eziqhubekayo ezivavanya uthungelwano olusisiseko lonxibelelwano. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yesithethi seshishini kwezi meko zinzima kufuna okungaphezulu nje kokukhulisa isandi—kufuna ukulungelelaniswa ngabom kobunjineli besandi, ukuqina kwezinto, kunye nokuthobela ukhuseleko lobomi.

Xa amaqela okuthenga kunye nobunjineli engacacisi kakuhle izixhobo zedilesi kawonke-wonke kunye ne-alamu eqhelekileyo (PA/GA), ukusilela okubangelwayo kudlulela ngaphaya komgangatho ophantsi wesandi. Iingxaki zokusebenza zenzeka xa imiyalelo ingavakali ngenxa yengxolo engqongileyo, kwaye iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zibeka emngciphekweni wokwenzeka xa imiqondiso yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka ingaphumeleli ngexesha leziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Ukukhetha isixhobo esichanekileyoisithethi semizi-mveliso siqinisekisaukuba unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo olujoliswe kumsebenzi lungena kwiindawo ezine-decibel ephezulu ngokuthembekileyo, lugcina zombini ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho engqongqo.

Iingozi zoshishino zezithethi ezingachazwanga kakuhle

Ukusasaza izixhobo zesandi ezikumgangatho wezorhwebo kwiindawo zoshishino kuzisa ubuthathaka obukhulu kwezoshishino. Umngcipheko okhawulezileyo kukulahlekelwa kukuqondakala. Kwiziko apho ingxolo engqongileyo idlula rhoqo i-85 dB(A), isithethi esingenalo inqanaba elifanelekileyo loxinzelelo lwesandi (SPL) okanye impendulo yefrikhwensi siya kwenza imiyalelo yelizwi ingaqondakali, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpazamo zemveliso, ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi, kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo ezibizayo ngenxa yokunxibelelana kakubi.

Ngaphezu koko, izithethi ezingachazwanga kakuhle zibeka imibutho emngciphekweni omkhulu wolawulo kunye noxanduva. Imibutho yokhuseleko emsebenzini iyalela iinkqubo ze-alamu ezicacileyo nezicacileyo. Umzekelo, ukungaphumeleli ukubonelela ngeenkqubo zokulumkisa ukuva ezifanelekileyo kunokubangela izohlwayo eziqatha, apho imibutho yolawulo efana ne-OSHA ihlawulisa izohlwayo ezinokudlula i-$15,625 ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngalunye ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oluqatha. Kwimeko yengozi enkulu yeshishini, ukungakwazi ukungqina ukuba inkqubo yesaziso songxamiseko ihlangabezane nemilinganiselo efunekayo ye-acoustic kunokubangela amatyala amakhulu omthetho kunye nawemali kwinkampani esebenzayo.

Iindleko zoMjikelo woBomi, Ixesha lokuphumla, kunye neMpembelelo yoKhuseleko

Ixabiso lokwenyani lenkqubo yezithethi zemizi-mveliso aliboniswanga kwinkcitho yayo yokuqala yenkunzi (i-CAPEX), kodwa kwindleko yayo iyonke kunye nempembelelo kwixesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo.iimeko zoshishino ezinzima—ezifana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu, ukungena kwamasuntswana, okanye imozulu erhabaxa—iwohloka ngokukhawuleza. Isithethi esiqhelekileyo sorhwebo sinokubonisa iMean Time Between Failures (MTBF) yeeyure ezingama-5,000 ukuya kwi-10,000 kwindawo engenabungozi, kodwa oku kwehla kakhulu kwisityalo seekhemikhali okanye kwifektri.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isithethi semizi-mveliso esakhelwe injongo ethile senzelwe ukuhlala ixesha elide, sidla ngokuba ne-MTBF edlula iiyure ezingama-50,000 nokuba siphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo. Nangona ixabiso eliphambili leyunithi yemizi-mveliso linokuba ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunendlela yorhwebo, ukonga abasebenzi bokulungisa, iindawo zokutshintsha, kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elithintelweyo kuvelisa ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lobunini (TCO) kwiminyaka eli-10 yokusebenza. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ixesha eliqinisekisiweyo lesithethi esiqinileyo liqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokhuseleko lobomi zihlala zisebenza, zikhusela ngokuthe ngqo abasebenzi kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuvalwa kwezixhobo kulo lonke.

Yintoni echaza isithethi sezoshishino esinzima-kwimeko-bume

Ukuchaza isithethi semizi-mveliso kufuna ukujonga ngaphaya kwamandla ombane asisiseko kunye nempendulo yamaza amaninzi. Isithethi sendalo esinzima ngokwenene sahlulwe ngokwendlela esiphila ngayo kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokukwazi kwaso ukuvelisa isandi esicacileyo ngeemeko ezintsonkothileyo, ezinengxolo ephezulu. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukusebenza kwindawo apho kudibana khona isayensi yezinto eziqinileyo kunye ne-acoustic dynamics ekhethekileyo.

Ukuze bavavanye ngokufanelekileyo isithethi semizi-mveliso, abahlanganisi beenkqubo kufuneka bavavanye izinto ezithile ezibangela uxinzelelo kwindawo yokufakelwa kwaye bazifanise neenkcukacha zokukhusela kunye ne-acoustic zesixhobo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isithethi asiyi kusinda kuphela kwindawo ebonakalayo kodwa siya kwenza nomsebenzi waso oyintloko: ukunika isandi esiqondakala lula.

Iinkqubo zeAudio zeShishini kunye nezoRhwebo

Umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo zesandi zoshishino nezezorhwebo uxhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo zazo zokwakha kunye nokunyamezela ubushushu. Izithethi zorhwebo zihlala zisebenzisa iiplastiki ze-ABS, iikhowuni zephepha, kunye nokuthintela imozulu okuqhelekileyo okufanelekileyo kwiindawo zokuthengisa okanye iiofisi ezilawulwa yimozulu. Xa zichatshazelwe yimitha ye-UV, umphunga weekhemikhali, okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ezi zinto ziyagoba, ziwohloke, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyasilela.

Izithethi zemizi-mveliso zenziwe ngeepolycarbonates ezisebenza nge-UV, i-aluminium yodidi lwe-marine, okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L. Izinto zazo zangaphakathi zine-phenolic okanye i-titanium diaphragms eziphathwayo ezimelana nokufuma kunye nokubola kweekhemikhali. Ngokwe-thermal, isithethi semizi-mveliso senzelwe ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebhanti yobushushu ebanzi kakhulu, edla ngokuqala kwi--40°C ukuya kwi-+70°C, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiiyadi zangaphandle ezibandayo kunye namagumbi ebhoyila ashushu.

Iimeko eziphambili zeNdalo ekufuneka zihlolwe

Ngaphambi kokukhetha isithethi, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlolo olupheleleyo lokusingqongileyo lwendawo yokufakela. Izinto eziphambili ezibangela uxinzelelo ziquka izinto eziphuma emoyeni (uthuli, iziqwenga zesinyithi), ukufuma (ukufuma okuphezulu, imvula ethe ngqo, ukuhlamba okuphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu), kunye nokuvezwa ngamakhemikhali (iigesi ezirhabaxa, ityuwa etshizwa kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle).

Ukungcangcazela kunye nokothuka nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo, ingakumbi kwimveliso enzima okanye kufutshane noomatshini abakhulu abajikelezayo. Izithethi kwezi ndawo kufuneka zithobele imigangatho yokuthembeka kwesakhiwo, efana ne-MIL-STD-810G, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungcangcazela okuqhubekayo okuphantsi akukhululi iikhoyili zelizwi zangaphakathi okanye iibrakethi zokufaka. Ukuvavanya ezi meko kumisela ukhuseleko lokungena olufunekayo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwangethuba.

I-SPL, Ukuqonda, kunye nokuSasazwa kweSandi

Ukusebenza kwe-acoustic kwiindawo ezinzima kuchazwa ziimilinganiselo ezintathu: Inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi (SPL), ukuqondwa, kunye nokusasazeka kwesandi. Ukuze woyise ingxolo yemizi-mveliso engqongileyo, isithethi kufuneka sivelise i-SPL ubuncinane eyi-+10 dB ukuya kwi-+15 dB ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lengxolo engasemva eqhubekayo kwindawo yomphulaphuli. Umzekelo, ukuba igumbi le-compressor lisebenza kwi-90 dB(A), isithethi kufuneka sinike i-100-105 dB(A) kwindawo yomqhubi.

Nangona kunjalo, ivolumu epheleleyo ayanelanga ngaphandle kokuvakala, okulinganiswa yi-Speech Transmission Index (STI). Inqaku le-STI elingaphezulu kwe-0.50 lidla ngokufuneka ukuze kuqondwe kakuhle ilizwi. Ukufezekisa oku kufuna izithethi ezinempendulo yemvamisa elungiselelwe intetho yomntu (ngesiqhelo i-300 Hz ukuya kwi-4,000 Hz) kunye nee-engile ze-dispersion ezilawulwayo. Iimpondo ze-dispersion ezimxinwa (umz., ii-60 ukuya kwi-70 degrees) zisetyenziselwa ukugqobhoza ingxolo kumgama omde ngaphandle kokudala i-reverberation egqithisileyo, ngelixa iikhabhathi ze-dispersion ezibanzi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120 degrees) zilungele ukugubungela ngokubanzi kwiindawo ze-assembly ezinengxolo ephantsi, ezivulekileyo.

Iinkcukacha Zokuqina kunye Nokhuseleko

Ukuqina komzimba kwesipikha seshishini kulinganiswa ngeenkqubo zokulinganisa zehlabathi ezisemgangathweni. Ezi nkcukacha zibonelela ngesakhelo esithembekileyo sokufanisa izixhobo kunye nobunzima obuchanekileyo bendalo esingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki zangaphakathi zihlala zahlulwe kwimikhosi etshabalalisayo yangaphandle.

Ukuqonda indlela yokutolika nokusebenzisa ezi nkcukacha zokhuseleko—ukusuka ekuthinteleni amanzi okusisiseko ukuya kwiziqinisekiso eziphambili zokumelana nokuqhuma—yintsika yokucacisa inkqubo ye-PA/GA yemizi-mveliso ethembekileyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-IP, Iintlobo ze-NEMA, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala

Iireyithingi zoKhuseleko lokuNgena (IP) kunye neentlobo zeNational Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) zezona zibonakaliso ziphambili zokuqina kwesithethi. Inkqubo yokulinganisa i-IP isebenzisa amanani amabini: eyokuqala ibonisa ukhuseleko kwizinto eziqinileyo (uthuli), kwaye eyesibini ibonisa ulwelo (amanzi). Kwiimeko zoshishino ezinzima, i-IP66 (ukhuseleko kwiilwandle ezinzima okanye iijethi zamanzi ezinamandla) okanye i-IP67 (ukhuseleko ekuntywilisweni okwethutyana) zezona ziseko ziqhelekileyo.

EMantla Melika, amanqaku e-NEMA asetyenziswa rhoqo kunye namanqaku e-IP, nto leyo enika umxholo owongezelelweyo malunga nokumelana nokugqwala. Umzekelo, amanqaku e-NEMA 4X awaqinisekisi nje kuphela ukhuseleko kuthuli oluvuthuzwa ngumoya kunye namanzi alawulwa yipayipi kodwa aqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Ukuze oku kufumaneke rhoqo kufuna ukuba i-speaker housing kunye neebrackets zokufakelwa zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L okanye ii-polyester ezikhethekileyo zeglasi eziqinisiweyo (GRP).

Xa kufuneka izithethi ezingaqhumiyo

Kwiindawo apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli oluvuthayo—ezifana neendawo zokucoca iikhemikhali, ii-elevator zeenkozo, okanye izityalo zokwenza ipeyinti—izithethi eziqhelekileyo zoshishino zibeka umngcipheko wokutsha. Kwezi ndawo ziyingozi, izithethi ezikhusela ukuqhuma okanye ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi ziyafuneka ngokusemthethweni. Ezi zixhobo zilawulwa kakhulu ziinkqubo ezifana ne-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx eYurophu, kunye nenkqubo yeSizwe yoLawulo loMbane (NEC) eMntla Melika.

An isithethi esingaqhumiyo(umz., elinganiswe kwi-ATEX Zone 1 okanye kwiCandelo I, iCandelo 1) inesigqubuthelo esingatshiyo (Ex d). Olu yilo luqinisekisa ukuba ukuba isiphene sombane sangaphakathi senza intlantsi evuthela igesi engqongileyo ngaphakathi kwendlu yesithethi, isigqubuthelo siya kuba nokuqhuma kwaye sipholise iigesi zokukhupha umoya eziphumayo ngaphantsi kobushushu bokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo bomoya ojikelezileyo. Ukucacisa ezi yunithi kufuna ukufanisa ngokuchanekileyo isiqinisekiso sesithethi neqela legesi elichanekileyo (umz., IIB, IIC) kunye nodidi lobushushu (umz., T4, T6) lwesakhiwo.

Ukuthelekisa iiHorn, iKhabhinethi, kunye neePaging Speakers

Izithethi zemizi-mveliso zihlala zahlulwe kwiinkalo ezintathu: izithethi zee-horn, izithethi zekhabhinethi, kunye neeprojektha ezikhethekileyo ze-paging. Izithethi zee-horn zisemgangathweni weendawo ezinengxolo egqithisileyo. Zisebenzisa i-compression driver edibene ne-flared horn, zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, zihlala zikwazi ukuvelisa ii-SPL ezingaphezu kwe-120 dB kwi-1 meter. Indlela ezisebenza ngayo izenza zilungele ukungena kwingxolo ephezulu ye-ambient kumgama omde, nangona impendulo yazo ye-frequency ityekele kakhulu kwi-frequency ephakathi nephezulu, nto leyo eyenza zingabi luncedo kumculo wasemva.

Izithethi zekhabhinethi kunye nezeprojektha zisetyenziswa xa kufuneka impendulo ebanzi yamaza kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwesandi, njengakwiigumbi zolawulo okanye kumgangatho wemveliso ophantsi kwengxolo. Nangona zibonelela nge-STI ephezulu kwimiyalezo yelizwi enzima, zihlala zifikelela kwi-SPL ephantsi (90 ukuya kwi-105 dB kwimitha e-1) kwaye zifuna amandla e-amplifier angaphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe indawo efanayo yokugubungela njenge-horn. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi ntlobo kubandakanya ukulinganisela imfuneko yokungena kwe-acoustic eluhlaza kunye nemfuneko yokuthembeka kwesandi.

Ukudibanisa, Ukuthobela, kunye Nezinto Ezibangela Iindleko

Ukuthenga isithethi semizi-mveliso yinxalenye nje ye-equation; ukuyidibanisa kwinethiwekhi yonxibelelwano ebanzi yezixhobo kwazisa izinto ezintsonkothileyo zombane, zomthetho, kunye nezemali. Isithethi kufuneka sinxibelelane ngokungenamthungo neziseko zophuhliso ezikhoyo ngelixa silandela imithetho yokhuseleko lobomi yengingqi.

Ukuvavanya kwangaphambili iimfuno zokudibanisa kuthintela uyilo olutsha olubizayo ngexesha lokufakelwa kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo esetyenzisiweyo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumjikelo wayo wobomi.

Ukuhambelana kweVoltage, Impedance, kunye neAmplifier

Iinkqubo ze-PA/GA zemizi-mveliso zihlala zisebenzisa imigca yesandi esasazwe nge-high-voltage—ingakumbi i-70V eMntla Melika kunye ne-100V kumazwe ngamazwe—kuneenkqubo ze-8-ohm low-impedance ezifumaneka kwi-audio yabathengi. Le ndlela ye-high-voltage inciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngexesha elide leentambo ezifunekayo kwizakhiwo ezinkulu zoshishino, ivumela uninzi lwezithethi ukuba zibotshelelwe kwitshaneli enye ye-amplifier.

Ukuze zihambelane nezi nkqubo, izithethi zemizi-mveliso zixhotyiswe ngee-transformers zangaphakathi ezisezantsi. Ezi transformers zine-"taps" ezininzi ze-wattage (umz., 1W, 2W, 4W, 8W, 15W, 30W), ezivumela abafaki ukuba balungise ukutsalwa kwamandla kunye ne-SPL ephumayo yesithethi ngasinye ngokwendawo yaso ethile. Ukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo kwee-transformer taps kubalulekile; i-wattage iyonke yazo zonke izithethi ezithenjiweyo kumgca akufuneki idlule kwi-80% yamandla okukhupha alinganisiweyo e-amplifier ukuthintela ukugcwala kwe-transformer kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-amplifier.

Iziqinisekiso kunye neMigangatho yeSithili

Ukuthobela imigangatho yengingqi kunye neyesicelo esithile akunakuxoxiswana ngayo kwiinkqubo zesandi zoshishino, ingakumbi xa zisebenza njengeenethiwekhi zothutho olungxamisekileyo. EMantla Melika, izithethi ezisetyenziselwa ii-alamu zomlilo kunye nemiqondiso yongxamiseko kufuneka ziqinisekiswe yi-UL 1480 (iiNkqubo zoThutho eziKhuselekileyo zoMlilo). EYurophu, umgangatho ofanayo yi-EN 54-24, echaza iikhrayitheriya zokusebenza ezingqongqo zezithethi ze-alamu yelizwi.

Ngaphezu koko, izithethi ezithunyelwa kumacandelo athile kufuneka zihlangabezane neziqinisekiso ezikwinqanaba elithile. Izithethi zaselwandle nezaselwandle zihlala zifuna imvume evela kwimibutho yokwahlulahlula efana ne-DNV okanye i-ABS. Ukuthobela imiyalelo yokusingqongileyo, efanaI-RoHS kunye ne-REACH, ikwayimfuneko ekuthengweni kwehlabathi. Ukuqinisekisa ezi ziqinisekiso ngexesha lesigaba sokukhetha kuqinisekisa ukuba ukufakwa kuya kudlula kuhlolo lokugqibela lokhuseleko kunye nophicotho-zincwadi oluvela koomasipala abanegunya (AHJ).

Ukufakelwa kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zobunini

Ukufakelwa ngokwasemzimbeni kwezithethi zemizi-mveliso kunefuthe elikhulu kwiNdleko iyonke yobunini (i-TCO). Izithethi eziqinileyo ezingaqhumiyo zinobunzima obuphakathi kwe-5 kg ​​kunye ne-15 kg, zifuna izibiyeli zokufakelwa eziqinileyo nezinganyangekiyo—ngokuqhelekileyo izibiyeli zentsimbi engenasici ezijikelezayo ezivumela ukujoliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-acoustic. Ixabiso lokusebenzisa iintambo ezikhethekileyo ezixhonyiweyo okanye ezingatshiyo kwezi yunithi linokudlula ixabiso lezithethi ngokwazo.

Xa kubalwa i-TCO, amaqela okuthenga kufuneka ajonge ngaphaya kwexabiso leyunithi yokuqala, eliqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-$300 ne-$800 kwiimpondo zemizi-mveliso eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$2,000 kwiiyunithi ezikhethekileyo eziqinisekisiweyo yi-ATEX. Isithethi esingabizi kakhulu nesihlala ixesha elide siya kubiza iindleko ezinkulu zomsebenzi ngenxa yomsebenzi wokutshintsha ophezulu, ukuqeshisa izikhewu, kunye nokumiswa kwemveliso okunokwenzeka. Ukutyala imali kwiyunithi eqinileyo neqinisekisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa kakhulu iindlela zokulungisa, okubangela i-TCO ephantsi kwaye kubonelela ngenkonzo yokhuseleko ethembekileyo unyaka nonyaka.

Isakhelo soKhetho lwezithethi zemizi-mveliso

Ukukhetha isithethi esifanelekileyo semizi-mveliso kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo edibanisa isayensi ye-acoustic nobunjineli bezakhiwo. Ukuthembela kumsebenzi wokuqikelela okanye ukukopa iinkcukacha zakudala kudla ngokuphumela kwiinkqubo ezingasebenzi kakuhle okanye ezibiza kakhulu ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ngokusebenzisa isakhelo sokukhetha esicwangcisiweyo, abaphathi beziko, iinjineli zesandi, kunye namagosa okuthenga banokuchaza ngokuzithemba izixhobo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezichanekileyo zokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko.

Inkqubo yokukhetha inyathelo ngenyathelo

Inkqubo yokukhetha kufuneka iqale ngophando olupheleleyo lwe-acoustic lwesakhiwo. Iinjineli kufuneka zidwelise amanqanaba engxolo engqongileyo kwi-dB(A) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ngexesha lokuveliswa okuphezulu. Emva kophando lwe-acoustic, kwenziwa uhlolo lokusingqongileyo ukuze kuchongwe ubukho bomswakama, uthuli, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye neegesi eziqhumayo. Oku kuchaza ukulinganiswa kwe-IP, i-NEMA, kunye ne-ATEX/Hazardous Location efunekayo.

Okulandelayo, uyilo lwenkqubo kufuneka luhlolwe. Izithethi ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zihambelane neziseko ze-amplifier zesakhiwo (umz., ukuhambelana komgca we-70V/100V) kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamandla olupheleleyo. Okokugqibela, uphononongo lweemfuno zomthetho zasekuhlaleni luchaza iziqinisekiso ezithile zokhuseleko lobomi (ezifana ne-UL 1480 okanye i-EN 54-24) ekufuneka zithwalwe yi-hardware. Ukulandela la manyathelo mane kuqinisekisa inkqubo yokuthenga evakalayo nehambelanayo nobuchwepheshe.

Ukulinganisela Ukusebenza kwe-Acoustic kunye nokuqina kwayo

Umngeni oqhubekayo kuyilo lwesandi semizi-mveliso kukulinganisela ukusebenza kwesandi kunye nokuqina komzimba. Izixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezifana ne-aluminium etyebileyo okanye izivalo ezingaqhumiyo, zibalaseleyo ekukhuseleni izinto zangaphakathi kodwa zinokuthomalalisa isandi sesandi kwaye zinciphise impendulo yamaza amaninzi. Oku kunokunciphisa kancinci isandi sendalo sesandi selizwi xa kuthelekiswa neekhabhathi ezincinci, ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukuze kuncitshiswe oku, abayili beenkqubo kufuneka babeke phambili ukuqondwa kwelizwi kunomculo ogqwesileyo. Ngokukhetha izithethi ezine-frequency curve ezilungiselelwe uluhlu lwelizwi lomntu (ukwandisa ibhendi ye-1 kHz ukuya kwi-4 kHz), inkqubo inokufikelela kwi-Speech Transmission Index (STI) ephezulu nangona inendawo enzima neqinileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisa izithethi ezininzi ezine-wattage ephantsi ezisasazwe ngobuchule kwindawo yonke kudla ngokuvelisa ukuqondwa okungcono kunye nokugubungela okulinganayo kunokuxhomekeka kwi-horn enye enamandla amakhulu edala iindawo ezishushu kakhulu kunye neengxolo.

Uluhlu Lokugqibela Lokujonga Iinkcukacha

Ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe iodolo yokuthenga, amaqela obunjineli kunye namaqela okuthenga kufuneka abhekisele kwizixhobo zawo azikhethileyo ngokuchasene noluhlu lokugqibela lokujonga iinkcukacha. Okokuqala, qinisekisa isiphumo se-acoustic: ngaba i-SPL yesithethi kwi-wattage ecofiweyo inika i-+15 dB efunekayo ngaphezu kwengxolo ephezulu ye-ambient kumgama womphulaphuli? Qinisekisa ukuba i-engile yokusasazwa ihambelana noyilo olubonakalayo lwendawo ukunciphisa amandla e-acoustic achithekileyo.

Okwesibini, qinisekisa iinkcukacha zomzimba nezolawulo. Qinisekisa ukuba ireyithingi ye-IP ihambelana nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo okubi kakhulu, njengokuhlanjwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu olufuna i-IP66. Qinisekisa ukuba isiqinisekiso sendawo enobungozi sihambelana ngqo nohlelo lweNdawo okanye lweCandelo lwendawo yokufakela. Okokugqibela, qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokufakela zilinganiswe ngobunzima besithethi (ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-5kg ukuya kwi-15kg kwiiyunithi zemizi-mveliso enzima) kunye neprofayili yokungcangcazela kwendawo. Ukugqiba olu luhlu lokuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwenkqubo yesandi yemizi-mveliso eqinileyo, esebenzayo, nehambelanayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Cacisa izithethi zemizi-mveliso ngokwezinga lengxolo engqongileyo, i-SPL efunekayo, umgama wokugubungela, kunye nokuvakala kwelizwi endaweni ye-wattage yodwa.
• Ziphephe izithethi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiindawo ezinzima kuba uthuli, ukufuma, ukugqwala, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokukhawuleza.
• Kwiindawo ezinobungozi ezifana neoyile negesi, imigodi, okanye ukucutshungulwa kweekhemikhali, qinisekisa iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokumelana nokuqhuma ezifana ne-ATEX ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.
• Cinga ngeendleko zomjikelo wobomi kuba izithethi zemizi-mveliso eziqinileyo zinokunciphisa ukutshintshwa, ukulungiswa, ixesha lokungasebenzi, kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo yokhuseleko kwixesha lokusebenza leminyaka eli-10.
• Hlanganisa izithethi kunye neenkqubo ze-PA/GA, i-paging, i-VoIP, i-intercom, kunye neenkqubo zokufowunela ezingxamisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-alamu kunye nemiyalelo zifikelela kubasebenzi ngokuthembekileyo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni eyenza isithethi semizi-mveliso silungele iimeko ezinzima?

Isithethi esifanelekileyo semizi-mveliso sidibanisa inqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo lwesandi, izinto ezihlala zivaliwe, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukhuseleko lokungena, ukunyamezela ubushushu, kunye nokuvakala kwelizwi ngokucacileyo. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi, kufuneka sihlangabezane neziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo ezifana ne-ATEX okanye eminye imigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo.

Isithethi semizi-mveliso sifanele sibe nesandi esingakanani kwindawo enengxolo?

Isithethi kufuneka sikhwaze ngokwaneleyo ukuze soyise ingxolo engqongileyo ngelixa sigcina ukuvakala kwayo. Kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwama-85 dB(A), amaqela kufuneka abale i-SPL efunekayo kumgama wabaphulaphuli kwaye aqwalasele indawo yesithethi, ii-engile zokugubungela, kunye noyilo lwenkqubo ye-PA/GA.

Kutheni ungasebenzisi izithethi zorhwebo kwiindawo zoshishino?

Izithethi zorhwebo azenzelwanga uthuli, ukufuma, ukungcangcazela, ukugqwala, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okanye imozulu eqhumayo. Zinokungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza, zinciphise ukucaca kwemiyalezo engxamisekileyo, zonyuse iindleko zokulungisa, kwaye zidale umngcipheko wokuthobela imithetho okanye uxanduva.

Ngaba kufuneka izithethi ezingaqhumiyo kwiindawo zeoyile, igesi, okanye zemigodi?

Zisenokufuneka apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli. Izakhiwo kufuneka zilandele iimfuno zokuhlelwa kwendawo enobungozi kwaye zikhethe izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo, ezifana neemveliso zonxibelelwano ezilinganiswe yi-ATEX, apho kufanelekileyo.

Ukukhethwa kwesithethi kuyichaphazela njani ixabiso lilonke lobunini?

Isipikha semizi-mveliso esomeleleyo sinokubiza imali eninzi kwangaphambili, kodwa sinokunciphisa ukutshintshwa, abasebenzi bokulungisa, ixesha lokungasebenzi, kunye nokusilela konxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo. Iiyunithi ezakhiwe ngenjongo zinokubonelela ngobomi benkonzo obude kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zorhwebo kwiimeko ezinzima.