Ungayikhetha njani ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma kwiindawo zoshishino eziyingozi?

Ifowuni engaqhumiyo sisixhobo sonxibelelwano esiqinileyo esenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezishushu apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, inkungu, okanye uthuli oluvuthayo. Ngokungafaniyo neefowuni eziqhelekileyo zoshishino, iifowuni ezingaqhumiyo zithintela nayiphi na intlantsi yangaphakathi okanye umthombo wobushushu ekuvutheni umoya onobungozi ojikelezileyo. Olu hlu lulawulwa yimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kuquka i-ATEX (EU Directive 2014/34/EU), i-IECEx, kunye ne-NEC Article 500 kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa eMntla Melika.

Imarike yonxibelelwano lwehlabathi olungenakuqhuma kwemizi-mveliso yayixabisa i-USD 3.8 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-USD 5.7 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2030, iqhutywa kukuqinisa imithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nokwandisa iziseko zamandla kuqoqosho olusakhulayo (iMarketsandMarkets, 2023). Imibutho etyala imali kwiifowuni ezithobelayo ezingenakuqhuma inciphisa uxanduva olusemthethweni kunye nomngcipheko wokusebenza, ngelixa ikwahlangabezana neemfuno zomshwalense womshuwalense wokugubungela kwiindawo ezinobungozi ezichazwe apha.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzihlole xa ukhetha ifowuni engaqhumiyo?

Ukukhetha ifowuni engaqhumiyo kufuna ukuthelekisa iiparameter ezithile zobugcisa neengozi ezikhoyo kwindawo yokufakela. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zimele iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo ezibaluleke kakhulu:

I-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx Zone Ratings zimisela njani iFowuni efanelekileyo kwiZiko lam?

Uhlu lwe-ATEX Zone luchaza imvamisa kunye nobude bobukho be-atmosphere eqhumayo kwindawo yokufakela. Ukukhetha ifowuni enomlinganiselo we-zone ongalunganga kudala ingozi yokhuseleko (ukungakhuseleki kakuhle) okanye umthwalo weendleko ongeyomfuneko (ubunjineli obugqithisileyo). Uhlu lwe-Zone oluqhelekileyo lulandelayo:

Kwiindawo zokucoca ipetroliyam, amaqonga aselunxwemeni, kunye nezityalo zokucubungula iikhemikhali ezihlelwe njengeZone 1 okanye iZone 2, iJoiwo inikezela ngoluhlu lwemveliso oluzinikeleyo lweIifowuni eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX/IECEx ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhumaYenzelwe imigangatho ye-Ex d IICT6Gb, egubungela amaqela egesi i-IIA, i-IIB, kunye ne-IIC kwiiklasi zobushushu ze-T1 ukuya kwi-T6.

Luluphi uvavanyo lwe-IP olufunekayo kwifowuni yeshishini kwiindawo zangaphandle nezothuli?

Uvavanyo loKhuseleko lokungena (IP) luchaza inqanaba lokhuseleko kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo. Kwiifektri zangaphandle - ii-portals ze-tunnel, izibonelelo zemigodi ezivulekileyo, iidekhi zaselwandle ezikunxweme - ubuncinane uvavanyo lwe-IP65 lusisiseko seshishini. Iifowuni ezilinganiswe nge-IP68, ezifana nekaJoiwoIfowuni ye-IP68 engangeni manzi yemizi-mveliso enesikrini se-LCD, zibonelela ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo olungangeni luthuli kunye nokumelana nokuntywiliselwa okuqhubekayo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiindawo ezinemijikelo yokukhupha amanzi ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye izikhukula zexeshana.

Zeziphi Izinto Zendlu Ezinika Ukuqina Okungcono Kwiindawo Zemizi-mveliso Ezingcolisayo Nezinefuthe Eliphezulu?

Izinto zendlu zimisela ukumelana noxinzelelo loomatshini, ukubola kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuwohloka kwe-galvanic kwiindawo zaselwandle okanye zokucubungula iikhemikhali. Izinto ezintathu eziphambili kwiifowuni ezikwaziyo ukuqhuma kwimizi-mveliso zezi:

• Ukuphoswa kwe-aluminium alloy die: Amandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu okusebenzayo; ifanelekile kwiindawo ezihleliweyo zeZone 1 kunye neZone 2 apho ukonga ubunzima kubonelela ngeengenelo zokufakelwa. Iifowuni ezisemgangathweni zikaJoiwo ezingaqhumiyo zisebenzisa i-aluminium alloy ye-ADC12, zibonelela ngokumelana nefuthe le-IK10 ngokwe-EN 62262.
• Intsimbi engenasici (304/316L): Ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwiindawo zaselwandle ezityebileyo ngekloridi kunye neendawo zokucubungula iikhemikhali. Udidi lwe-316L lukhethwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifakelwe elunxwemeni naselunxwemeni ngenxa yomthamo walo ophezulu we-molybdenum omelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma.
• I-polyester eqiniswe ngefayibha (i-FRP): Ilula kwaye ayimelani nokugqwala ngokwemvelo; isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingafunekiyo apho ukuhluzwa kwemiphunga yeekhemikhali endaweni yegesi eqhumayo kuqhuba ukukhethwa kwezinto.

Kwizicelo ze-petrochemical kunye ne-offshore,Uthotho lwefowuni ye-desktop ye-VoIP yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kaJoiwoibonelela ngokudibanisa ukumelana neekhemikhali kunye nenkxaso yeprotocol ye-SIP/VoIP efunekayo ekudityanisweni neenethiwekhi zanamhlanje ze-automation process.

Ziziphi izicelo eziphambili zemizi-mveliso zeefowuni ezingaqhumiyo?

Iifowuni ezimelana nokuqhuma zibonelela ngeendlela ezintlanu eziphambili zoshishino, nganye ineeprofayili ezinobungozi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zonxibelelwano:

1. Ukucutshungulwa kwePetrochemical kunye neOyile kunye neGesi: Iindawo zegesi eziqhumayo (iZone 0/1/2), imozulu egqwalisayo, kunye nengxolo ephezulu (edla ngokudlula i-85 dB). Iinkcukacha zefowuni kufuneka zibandakanye ukhuseleko lwe-Ex d okanye i-Ex ia, iimakrofoni zokurhoxisa ingxolo, kunye nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx.
2. Ukwemba Emigodini Engaphantsi Komhlaba: Igesi yeMethane (CH₄) kunye neengozi zokuqhuma kothuli lwamalahle; amaqondo obushushu aqala kwi -20°C ukuya kwi +50°C phantsi komhlaba. UJoiwo ubonelelaiifowuni zemigodi ezineesekethe ezimbiniyenzelwe imimoya yemigodi yamalahle ehamba nemethane.
3. IiTunnels zeNdlela kunye nooLoliwe: Ingxolo ephezulu yangasemva, iindawo ezivalekileyo ze-acoustic, kunye neemfuno zendawo yokufowunela engxamisekileyo ngokwe-EN 50545-1. Iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo ze-tunnel kufuneka zidityaniswe ne-SCADA okanye iinkqubo zokuhambisa ezidityanisiweyo nge-SIP/VoIP okanye iiprotokholi ze-analog FXO/FXS. Iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo ze-tunnel zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufakwa kwe-tunnel ngomgangatho omncinci we-IP66 kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-beacon/horn.
4. Amaqonga oLwandle kunye noLwandlekazi: Ukugqwala kwamanzi anetyuwa, ukuhamba kweenqanawa, kunye nodidi lwe-ATEX Zone 1 okanye iZone 2. Iifowuni zekhonsoli zasemanzini kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yovavanyo lokusingqongileyo ye-IEC 60945 yenkungu yetyuwa, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokungena kwemvula. Joiwo'sumgca wemveliso yonxibelelwano lwaselwandleijongana nezi mfuno zidibeneyo.
5. Iindawo Zokuvalelwa Ezintolongweni Nasekugcinweni: Ukumelana nokonakaliswa (ubuncinci be-IK10), ukufakwa okuxhonywe phezu komhlaba, kunye nokuhlanganiswa neenkqubo zolawulo lokugcina. I-Joiwo ventsIifowuni ze-intercom ze-VoIP ezingangeni monakalongentambo yesikhuselo sentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nekhiphedi evaliweyo ukuze imelane nokusetyenziswa gwenxa ngabom.

Indlela yokukhetha ifowuni echanekileyo engaqhumiyo: Isikhokelo sesigqibo senyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukukhetha ifowuni echanekileyo engaqhumiyo kulandela uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo olunezinyathelo ezintlanu:

Inyathelo 1 — Yenza uVavanyo lweNdawo eNgozi
Qhagamshelana nomcebisi wezixhobo ze-ATEX/IECEx oqinisekisiweyo okanye igosa lokhuseleko lendawo yakho ukuze bahlele indawo yokufakela ngokwe-EN 60079-10-1 (igesi) kunye ne-EN 60079-10-2 (uthuli). Bhala phantsi udidi lweNdawo, iqela legesi/uthuli, kunye nodidi lobushushu ngaphambi kokuvavanya nayiphi na imveliso yefowuni.

Inyathelo lesi-2 — Qinisekisa iSatifikethi kunye namaxwebhu
Qinisekisa ukuba ifowuni inesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx esisebenzayo esivela kumbutho onolwazi. Cela inombolo yesatifikethi kwaye usibhekisele kwisiseko sedatha se-NANDO se-EU okanye kwithala leencwadi lesatifikethi se-IECEx. Qinisekisa ukuba isatifikethi sigubungela iNdawo yakho ethile, iqela legesi, kunye nodidi lobushushu — isatifikethi esisebenzayo kwiNdawo yesi-2 asinakugubungela ukufakwa kweNdawo yoku-1.

Inyathelo lesi-3 — Thelekisa iinkcukacha zeNdalo neemeko zeNdawo
Vavanya umlinganiselo we-IP wefowuni, umlinganiselo wempembelelo ye-IK, uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu okusebenza, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwindawo engqongileyo. Kwiifekthi zangaphandle kwiindawo zemozulu zamazwekazi, qinisekisa ukuba uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu okusebenza lufikelela kutshintsho olupheleleyo lwexesha lonyaka (umz., -40°C ukuya ku-+70°C kwiifowuni zemizi-mveliso eziqhelekileyo zikaJoiwo).

Inyathelo lesi-4 — Khetha iProtokholi yoNxibelelwano efanelekileyo
Iifowuni ze-analog (PSTN) zitsala umbane kumgca wefowuni kwaye zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwiziseko zophuhliso lwenethiwekhi, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiinkqubo ezindala kunye neefowuni ezilula ezikhawulezayo. Iifowuni ze-VoIP/SIP zidityaniswa neenkqubo zanamhlanje zokuhambisa ezisekelwe kwi-IP kodwa zifuna iziseko zophuhliso ze-Power over Ethernet (PoE). Kwizibonelelo ezitshintsha ukusuka kwi-analog ukuya kwi-IP, iJoiwo ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo.Uluhlu lweefowuni ze-VoIP zoshishinoexhasa i-SIP RFC 3261 kunye ne-PoE 802.3af.

Inyathelo lesi-5 — Ceba Ukufikelela Ekufakelweni nasekuLungiselweni
Cacisa ubude bokufakelwa (ngesiqhelo yi-1.2–1.5m embindini ngokwemigangatho yokufikeleleka), indlela yokungena ngentambo (ukungena kwe-G3/4″ kwimibhobho kusemgangathweni weshishini), kunye namalungiselelo okumisa umhlaba ngokwe-IEC 62305. Cwangcisa uhlolo lokuvuselelwa kwakhona konyaka ngokwe-ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU Article 13 ukuze kugcinwe ukuqinisekiswa kusemthethweni.

Ziziphi iindlela zokufaka nokulungisa eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide?

Ukufakela ngokufanelekileyo kuchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kunye nobude bexesha leefowuni ezisebenza ngokungaqhumiyo. Iindlela ezintathu azixoxiswani:

• Ukuvalwa komjelo womsele: Zonke iintambo ezifakiweyo kufuneka zisebenzise iibhokisi zokumisa eziqinisekisiweyo ze-Ex d okanye ii-glands ezivaliweyo ukugcina ukuthembeka kwendawo ebiyelweyo engatshiyo. Ukuvalwa okungalunganga yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesiqinisekiso kwiindawo zokufakelwa kwentsimi.
• Inkqubo yokuhlolwa rhoqoIzixhobo eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX zifuna uhlolo olubonakalayo rhoqo ngonyaka, uvavanyo olusebenzayo, kunye nokuhlolwa kwesatifikethi. Gcina iirekhodi zovavanyo njengobungqina bokuqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kophicotho lwemithetho.
• Ukufumana izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga: Khetha umenzi onezixhobo ezingundoqo ezizenzela ngokwakhe (ikhibhodi, i-cradle, i-handset) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafumaneka ixesha elide. I-Joiwo ivelisa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezixhobo zefowuni ngaphakathi, ixhasa ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kubathengi be-OEM.

Kwizicelo zonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo loluntu, iJoiwo'sumnxeba ongxamisekileyo wokudayela ngokuzenzekelayoibonelela ngokudayela ngenombolo ngokuzenzekelayo xa kuphakanyiswa ifowuni, iqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olukhawulezileyo kwigumbi lolawulo elikufutshane ngaphandle kokufuna isenzo somsebenzisi.

Zeziphi Iindlela Ezivelayo Ezibumba Ikamva Lonxibelelwano Lweendawo Ezinobungozi Kwezoshishino?

Icandelo lonxibelelwano lwezoshishino litshintsha kakhulu ubuchwepheshe. Iinkqubo zefowuni ze-analog zakudala zithathelwa indawo ngokuthe ngcembe ziinethiwekhi ze-IP ezisekelwe kwi-SIP, nto leyo evumela ulawulo oluphakathi, ukuxilongwa okukude, kunye nokuhlanganiswa neenkqubo ze-intercom yevidiyo kunye neenkqubo zedilesi kawonkewonke. Iindlela ezininzi ezintsha ziqhuba olu tshintsho:

Ukuhlanganiswa kweNethiwekhi yaBucala ye-5G: Iimigodi ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zeenkqubo zithumela iinethiwekhi zabucala ze-5G ukuxhasa iifowuni zevidiyo ezingxamisekileyo eziphezulu kunye nezicelo zokujonga ngexesha langempela ezidlula amandla eesekethe zelizwi zemveli. Iifowuni ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma ezinee-interfaces ezihambelana ne-5G ziqala ukubonakala kwiindawo zokufaka iimigodi ezingaphantsi komhlaba kulo lonke elaseOstreliya naseMntla Yurophu.

Ukufunyanwa kwe-Acoustic Anomaly eqhutywa yi-AIIifowuni zoshishino eziphambili ngoku ziquka ukujonga i-acoustic okusekelwe kwi-DSP okufumanisa iimpawu zempazamo yezixhobo (iipateni zokungasebenzi kakuhle kweebheringi, ukuvuza kweevalvu, izandi ezingaqhelekanga zepompo) ngaphambi kokuba zikhule zibe ziziganeko zokhuseleko. Oku kuguqula ifowuni ukusuka kwisixhobo sonxibelelwano esisebenzayo ibe yimpahla yokujonga imeko ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokuthunyelwa kwe-Dispatch okusekelwe kwiLifu: Izibonelelo ezisasazeke ngokwendawo — izitishi zeevalvu zepayipi, amaqonga eentloko zemithombo ekude, iindawo zokuvala izixhobo zefama zelanga — ngoku zinokuhlanganisa iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo ngamaqonga okuhambisa asekelwe kwilifu adibanisa idatha yelizwi, ividiyo, kunye ne-sensor alarm kwiideshibhodi zolawulo lweziganeko ezidibeneyo.

UJoiwo'sIimveliso ze-IP PBX kunye neenkqubo ze-intercomukubonelela ngezisombululo zokuhambisa ezitshintshayo ezidibanisa iifowuni ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma kunye nokujonga ividiyo, idilesi kawonkewonke, kunye neenkqubo ze-alamu ze-SCADA kwiqonga elinye lenethiwekhi, ukujongana neemfuno zokusebenza zangoku kunye neemfuno zokukhula kwixesha elizayo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga NeeFowuni Ezingaqhumiyo

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ATEX Zone 1 kunye neZone 2 kwiifowuni zemizi-mveliso?

Indawo 1 ibhekisa kwiindawo apho umoya oqhumayo unokwenzeka phantsi kwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo, ufuna izixhobo ezingatshiyo (Ex d) okanye ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi (Ex ia). Indawo 2 ibhekisa kwiindawo apho umoya oqhumayo ungenakwenzeka phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye ungenzeka ixesha elifutshane, wamkela izixhobo ezingatshiyo. Ifowuni eqinisekisiweyo yeNdawo 2 ayifanelekanga ukufakwa kwiNdawo 1. Ukuqonda ulwahlulo oluthile lomoya oqhumayo lwesixhobo sakho linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokukhetha nayiphi na ifowuni engatshiyo.

Ngaba iifowuni ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma zingasetyenziswa kwiindawo zaselwandle zangaphandle?

Ewe, kodwa ifowuni kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ze-ATEX/IECEx zeendawo zegesi ezifanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo zofakelo lwaselwandle, kubandakanya umlinganiselo omncinci we-IP66, intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L okanye indlu elingana nayo engagqwaliyo, kunye nokuthobela uvavanyo lwe-IEC 60945 lwenkungu yetyuwa.umgca wemveliso yonxibelelwano lwaselwandleijongana nezi mfuno zidibeneyo ngeemveliso ezivavanyiweyo ngokukodwa kwimigangatho yolwandle.

Zingaphi izihlandlo apho iifowuni eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba aziqhumi kufuneka zihlolwe?

Umyalelo we-ATEX 2014/34/EU ufuna uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lwezixhobo ezifakwe kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenza kweshishini icebisa uhlolo olubonakalayo nolusebenzayo lonyaka, kunye nokuhlaziywa okubanzi rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3-5 kuxhomekeke kubunzima bendalo kunye neemfuno zomthetho wendawo. Iirekhodi zokuhlola kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zifumaneke ukuze zihlolwe ngumthetho. Ukusilela ukuqhuba nokubhala uvavanyo oluqhubekayo kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesatifikethi kunye nezikhewu zokugubungela umshuwalense.

Ingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusebenzisa ifowuni engakwaziyo ukuqhuma kwimizi-mveliso?

Ixesha lokusebenza kwefowuni egcinwe kakuhle engakwaziyo ukuqhuma lidla ngokuba yiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bendalo. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ixesha elide ziquka ukuvezwa yi-UV (kwiindawo zangaphandle), ukubola kweekhemikhali (kwiindawo ze-petrochemical), kunye nokuwohloka koomatshini kwintambo yefowuni kunye nekhibhodi. Izinto ezenziwe ngaphakathi kweJoiwo zenzelwe ukutshintshwa kwentsimi ukuze kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo yenkqubo iyonke, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezinto eziphambili ziveliswa kumzi-mveliso kaJoiwo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo kunye nokufumaneka kwezixhobo ezisele.