Inkqubo yefowuni yongxamiseko yemizi-mveliso ihlala njani ithembekile xa kungekho fowuni?

• Ukuthembeka kokucima kuxhomekeke kumandla okugcina idatha, iingcingo ezikhuselweyo, kunye nendlela yonxibelelwano ehlala ihleli kwimeko yokusilela.
• Uyilo lwefowuni olumelana nengxolo lubalulekile kuba ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kudla ngokuba kwiindawo ezine-decibel ephezulu apho ukuqondakala kweyona KPI yokwenyani.
• Iindidi ezikhuselekileyo kwimozulu, ezimelana nokonakaliswa, kunye nezikhuselekileyo ekuqhumeni zisombulula iingozi ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ngoko ke indawo ebiyelweyo kufuneka ihambelane neprofayili yobungozi.
• Ukuvavanya ukungena, ukuchasana, kunye nokuqhubeka kwefowuni kuluncedo ngakumbi kunokugweba isixhobo ngokubonakala okanye ngexabiso leyunithi yodwa.
• Kubathengi beprojekthi, ukuhambelana neenkqubo ze-alamu, amagumbi olawulo, kunye nemisebenzi yokulungisa kubaluleke kakhulu njengefowuni ngokwayo.

Inkqubo yefowuni yongxamiseko yemizi-mveliso iluncedo kuphela ukuba ihlala iqondakala kwaye ifikeleleka xa indawo iphantsi koxinzelelo, yiyo loo nto ucwangciso lokucima kufuneka luqwalasele ukucaca kwesandi, amandla okugcina, kunye nokuqina kokuvalwa kunye. Kwiindawo zoshishino zokwenyani, ukusilela konxibelelwano kudla ngokuqala ngaphambi kokuba umbane uphele, ingakumbi kwizityalo ezinengxolo apho ukuqondwa kwentetho kunokuphela malunga ne-85 dB(A) ngaphandle kokuba indlela yesandi kunye nokuvalwa kwenzelwe yona;Isikhokelo sengxolo se-OSHAkwayeIzixhobo zengxolo ze-NIOSHzombini zigxininisa umngcipheko wokuva nokunxibelelana kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinengxolo ephezulu. Kubathengi abathelekisa iindlela ezifana neinkqubo yefowuni engxamisekileyo yemizi-mveliso, aifowuni enganyangekiyo yingxolo, okanyeifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu, umbuzo ophambili asikokuba ingaba iyunithi inayo na i-backup yombane, kodwa kukuba ingaba isenokuthumela umnxeba osebenzisekayo phantsi kweemeko zokusilela kwesiza.

Kutheni ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yeefowuni ezingxamisekileyo zoshishino kwahlukile kwifowuni eqhelekileyo

Inkqubo yefowuni yongxamiseko yemizi-mveliso yenzelwe iimeko zokungasebenzi kakuhle, hayi ukusebenziseka lula kweofisi. Iifowuni eziqhelekileyo zithatha amandla azinzileyo, ingxolo ephantsi, kunye nokuxhatshazwa okuncinci ngokomzimba, ngelixa unxibelelwano longxamiseko lwemizi-mveliso kufuneka lusebenze ngexesha lokungasebenzi, ukuphuma kwabantu, ukuvalelwa ngaphandle, kunye neziganeko zenkqubo.

Loo tshintsho lutshintsha izinto eziza kuqala kubunjineli. Inkqubo kufuneka inyamezele ukuphazamiseka kombane, igcine umgangatho welizwi kwiindawo ezinomsindo, imelane nokungena kwamanzi okanye uthuli, kwaye ikwazi ukusinda ekuxhatshazweni okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuphathwa ngqwabalala. Kufuneka idibane ngokucocekileyo neenkqubo zegumbi lolawulo ukuze impendulo yokuqala ikhawuleze, ingabi yeyokwenziwa.

Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna izindlu ezahlukeneyo kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo,ifowuni ethintela ukuqhumaibalulekile kwiindawo ezivuthayo, ngelixaifowuni enganyangekiyo eyonakalisayoKungcono apho umonakalo okanye ukuphazanyiswa kwento yeyona nto iphambili. Kwiindawo ezingaphandle okanye zaselwandle,ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozuluiba sisiseko esisebenzayo kuba ukuthembeka kuqala ngokukhuselwa kwendalo.

Indlela amandla okugcina unxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo oluhlala ngayo luphila ngexesha lokungasebenzi

Amandla okugcina idatha lulwandlalelo lokuqala lokuthembeka kokucima kwedatha, kuba ifowuni ayinakunxibelelana ukuba iqonga eliyinikayo sele lihlulekile. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokusasazwa kwedatha, ifowuni okanye icandelo lenethiwekhi yendawo lixhomekeke kumbane okhuselekileyo ophantsi, isilawuli esixhaswa yibhetri, okanye ikhabhinethi yonxibelelwano exhaswa yi-UPS.

Oko akuthethi ukuba zonke iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo zifuna i-autonomic window efanayo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusebenza lixhomekeke kwiprofayili yomngcipheko wendawo, nokuba iyunithi yenzelwe iifowuni zokuphuma ngokukhawuleza okanye ulawulo olude lweziganeko, kwaye nokuba ezinye ikhonkco lonxibelelwano nazo ziyasebenza. Ngokwenyani, ifowuni, isango, kunye negumbi lolawulo kufuneka zonke zihlale kwisicwangciso esifanayo sokuqhubeka.

Ngokuphathelele ukuqina kombane, injongo yoyilo idla ngokuba kukusinda kancinci emva kokucima ixesha elide kodwa kukusinda kwibhulorho phakathi kokusilela okuphambili kunye nokubuyiselwa kwempendulo. Ukuba inkqubo ixhasa uyilo lwePoE, iswitshi yenethiwekhi yendawo kufuneka ihlale kumandla okugcina, kungenjalo i-handset isenokufa xa iswitshi ilahlekelwa ngumbane. Yiyo loo nto i-topology yenethiwekhi iyinxalenye ye-equation yokuthembeka, kungekuphela nje imodeli ye-handset.

Xa abathengi bethelekisa iimveliso, kufuneka babuze indlela yokwenyani yokuxhasa, kungekuphela nje ibinzana elithi “emergency capabilities.” Inkqubo exhomekeke kwiswitshi enye engakhuselekanga ibuthathaka, ngelixa uyilo oluneeleyara ezine-UPS, iintambo ezikhuselweyo, kunye neziganeko zokulahleka kwamandla ezijongiweyo zikhuseleka ngakumbi kuhlolo lweencwadi okanye lokuthengwa kwempahla.

Kutheni uyilo lwefowuni olumelana nengxolo lubaluleke ngaphezu kokukhala kakhulu

Ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nengxolo ayisiyofowuni enomsindo nje kuphela; sisixhobo esiqondakalayo kwintetho. Kwiziko apho oomatshini, iipompo, iicompressor, iiconveyors, okanye iitrafikhi zenza isandi esiqhubekayo, ingxaki yokwenyani ayikuko ukuba iyunithi inokukhupha isandi na, kodwa kukuba umntu angawuqonda ngokuchanekileyo umyalezo kwinzame yokuqala.

I-OSHA ichonga i-85 dB(A) njengenqanaba lesenzo sokuvezwa kwengxolo emsebenzini, nto leyo esisikhumbuzo esiluncedo sokuba unxibelelwano kwiindawo zoshishino luhlala lusenzeka kwindawo enobungozi ye-acoustic, kungekhona kwindawo ezolileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimayikrofoni ezine-pickup engcono ekhokelayo, ulawulo lwe-acoustic echo, kunye neendawo ezibiyelweyo ezifanelekileyo zinokuphucula kakhulu impumelelo yoqhagamshelwano olungxamisekileyo.

Amaqela esayithi adla ngokungayithathi lula indlela evalelwe ngayo le ndawo ichaphazela i-acoustic. I-handset efakwe ngaphakathi kwebhokisi evalekileyo okanye engenamoya uneleyo ingavakala ingathandeki, ngelixa leyo ineendlela ezicwangcisiweyo ze-acoustic, ukhuseleko lwemozulu, kunye nokufakelwa kwe-anti-vibration kungagcina ukucaca. Kumsebenzi ongxamisekileyo, umzuzwana ngamnye ogcinwa ngamabinzana ambalwa aphindaphindwayo ubalulekile.

Kulapho umthengi kufuneka agxile khona kumsebenzi kunolwimi lwekhathalogu. Ukuba indawo yindlu yecompressor, i-steel mill, i-tunnel, okanye i-logistics yard, indawo ezinikeleyoifowuni enganyangekiyo yingxoloidla ngokusebenza ngcono kunesikhululo esisebenza ngeenjongo ezibanzi, kuba injongo yoyilo iyahambelana nengxaki.

• Sebenzisa indawo ebonakala kakhulu ukuze abaqhubi bakwazi ukufumana indawo ngokukhawuleza.
• Cacisa iimayikrofoni kunye nezithethi ezihlala zicacile kuluhlu lwe-dB(A) lwesiza.
• Jonga ukuba ingaba i-enclosure iyanciphisa ukuvakala okanye ukuxinana.
• Qinisekisa ukuba umnxeba uyavakala na ngexesha lokuhambahamba kwindawo ephilayo, kungekuphela nje kwigumbi elithuleyo.

Zeziphi izindlu zefowuni ezingxamisekileyo zoshishino ezifanelana noluphi umngcipheko

Eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuvala yile ihambelana neprofayili yengozi, kuba ayizizo zonke iingozi zoshishino ezifanayo. Iingozi zokuqhuma, ukuvezwa kwemozulu, ukonakala, kunye nongcoliseko nganye ifuna icebo elahlukileyo lokuzikhusela.

Iimodeli ezimelana nokuqhuma zenzelwe iindawo ezineegesi ezitshayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli apho isixhobo sonxibelelwano ngokwaso singafanele sibe ngumthombo wokutsha. Iimodeli ezimelana nemozulu zigxila emvuleni, kwi-UV, kwi-spray yetyuwa, nakwi-thermal cycling. Iimodeli ezimelana nomonakalo zibeka phambili amandla olwakhiwo, ukuxhathisa ukuphazanyiswa, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke okanye ezilawulwayo.

Loo mahluko ubalulekile ekuthengweni. Umphathi wesiza obuza kuphela ukuba ifowuni "isebenza ngaphandle" unokungayiboni imo yokusilela ngokwenene, njengokufuma ngaphakathi kwe-enclosure, ukugqwala kwiindawo zokungena kwikhebula, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwekhiphedi kwindawo kawonke-wonke. Ukukhetha ngokwendawo yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wobomi.

Kwiiprojekthi ezibandakanya ukufikelela kuluntu okanye ukubanjwa, ukhetho olufanelekileyo ludla ngokubaifowuni enganyangekiyo eyonakalisayoKwiindawo zenkqubo eziyingozi, indlela echanekileyoifowuni ethintela ukuqhumaKwiiyadi eziveziweyo, amazibuko, kunye nofakelo lwezinto eziluncedo,ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozuluidla ngokuba yimfuno esisiseko.

Indlela imigangatho ephucula ngayo ukuthembeka kunye nokuthembana konxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo

Imigangatho ayenzi inkqubo igqibelele, kodwa yenza ukuthembeka kube nokulinganiswa. Kubathengi bemizi-mveliso, ixabiso lemigangatho kukuba iguqula amabango angacacanga abe ziimfuno ezinokuvavanywa kunye nolwimi lokuthenga.

Umzekelo,I-ISO 14644-1ichaza ulwahlulo lococeko lomoya kwigumbi lokucoca ngokwezinga lamasuntswana, nto leyo ibalulekileyo xa kufakwa izixhobo zonxibelelwano kwiindawo ezilawulwayo apho ulawulo longcoliseko luyinxalenye yomfanekiso womngcipheko. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi, izikhokelo zokhuseleko ezisekelwe kwi-IEC kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi esithile kwindawo ethile zinceda ekumiseleni ukuba isixhobo sifanelekile na kulwahlulo lwendawo.

Kwicala lokuqhubeka, ucwangciso lonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo lukwadibana nokucinga ngokuyalela nokulawula.I-ISO 22320Inika isikhokelo sokuphendula kwisiganeko, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kuba ukuthembeka kwefowuni akuyongxaki yehardware kuphela; ikwangumba wokudibanisa phakathi kwabaqhubi, amaqela okulungisa, kunye nabaphenduli.

Kubathengi, into elula yokuyifunda: cela abathengisi ukuba badibanise ifowuni nemigangatho yesiza, kungekhona nje inkcazo yokuthengisa. Ukuba imodeli ikhethelwe imeko-bume elawulwayo, buza ukuba yeyiphi imigangatho yokusingqongileyo okanye yokhuseleko esetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yokukhetha, zeziphi imiqathango yokufakela esebenzayo, kunye nendlela iyunithi elungiselelwa ngayo ngaphandle kokwaphula imithetho.

Yintoni ekufuneka iinjineli ziyivavanye ngaphambi kokuba zivume unxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo lwemizi-mveliso

Uvavanyo lwasentsimini yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokufumanisa ukuba ifowuni yongxamiseko ithembekile ngokwenene okanye ihambelana nemigaqo ephepheni. Uvavanyo oluhle lokwamkelwa kufuneka lubonise iindlela zokwenyani zokusilela kwendawo, kungekhona umgangatho welebhu.

Uvavanyo lokuqala kukuseta umnxeba ngexesha lokucima okulinganisiweyo. Ukuba umbane uphazamisekile, ngaba iyunithi ingakwazi ukubeka okanye ukufumana indlela yomnxeba efunekayo kwindawo? Okwesibini kukuqondwa phantsi kwengxolo emeleyo, kuba isixhobo esikhulu kodwa esingacacanga siyasilela kumsebenzi waso. Okwesithathu kukuqina kokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya ukufuma, ukutshiza, kunye nokungcangcazela ukuba ufakelo lungaphandle okanye kufutshane noomatshini.

Ukufikelela kulondolozo kukwayinxalenye yokuthembeka. Ifowuni efuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, iindawo ezingasetyenziswayo ezinqabileyo, okanye ukuvala ixesha elide ukuba isebenze inokuba yomelele ngokwetekhnoloji kodwa ibe buthathaka ekusebenzeni. Abathengi bemizi-mveliso kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba i-handset, i-keypad, kunye ne-cable assembly zitshintshwa njani kwaye ingaba umthengisi uyayixhasa na into yokuba i-spare parts izinzile.

1. Lingisa ukulahleka kwamandla okuphambili kwaye uqinisekise ukugqitywa komnxeba.
2. Linganisa ukuqondwa kwengxolo yokwenyani yendawo.
3. Hlola iindawo ze-gasket, ii-cable glands, kunye nozinzo lokufakelwa.
4. Qinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa negumbi lolawulo okanye umsebenzi we-alamu.
5. Jonga ixesha lenkonzo, izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga, kunye neenkqubo zokuseta kwakhona.

Apho iiprojekthi zenkqubo yeefowuni ezingxamisekileyo zoshishino zingaphumeleli khona ebomini bokwenyani

Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo ayikokusilela kwesixhobo; kukungafani kohlobo lwemveliso kunye neemeko zendawo. Ifowuni eqhelekileyo ebekwe kwisityalo esinomsindo okanye esingaphandle ingabonakala isebenza ngexesha lokuqalisa kodwa ingathembeki emva kwesaqhwithi sokuqala, umjikelo wokugqwala, okanye i-alamu yenkqubo.

Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukuthatha isigqibo sokuba inethiwekhi iyakwazi ukumelana ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba ifowuni inamandla okugcina idatha kodwa iswitshi, isango, okanye i-PBX ayinawo, unxibelelwano luyaqhubeka nokonakala. Yiyo loo nto ucwangciso lokucima kwedatha lufuna umbono wenkqubo, hayi umbono wecandelo.

Ukungahoywa kokugcinwa kwezixhobo kubuthathaka besithathu obukhulu. Izivalo ziyaguga, iibhetri ziyonaka, kwaye izixhobo zokufaka ziyakhululeka. Kunxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso, ukuthembeka kugcinwa ngokuhlolwa rhoqo, kungacingelwanga ngonaphakade. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nezikhululo zokufowunela ezingxamisekileyo.

Amaqela eeprojekthi aphepha ezi mpazamo adla ngokubhala phantsi imeko-bume kuqala, emva koko akhethe uhlobo lwendlu, emva koko aqinisekise indlela yokugcina idatha, emva koko avavanye isandi, aze ekugqibeleni achaze amaxesha eenkonzo. Loo landelelwano lunokuthenjwa ngakumbi kunokuthelekisa amaphepha eempawu kuphela.

Indlela yokukhetha inkqubo yefowuni yongxamiseko yemizi-mveliso efanelekileyo kwindawo yakho

Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luqala kwimo yokusilela kwendawo, hayi kudidi lwekhathalogu. Ukuba umngcipheko ophambili kukutsha, khetha uyilo lwendawo enobungozi oluqinisekisiweyo. Ukuba umngcipheko ophambili yimozulu, khetha ukhuseleko lwangaphandle oluvaliweyo. Ukuba umngcipheko ophambili kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesakhiwo, khetha ukuqinisa ulwakhiwo. Ukuba umngcipheko ophambili yingxolo, khetha unxibelelwano olulungiselelwe ngesandi.

Amaqela okuthenga kufuneka athelekise indlela yokufaka, ukufikelela kulondolozo, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo. Kubasebenzi beefowuni ezininzi, ukuhambelana kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo zeefowuni kunokunciphisa ixesha loqeqesho kunye nobunzima bokutshintsha, kodwa kuphela ukuba imodeli esisiseko ihambelana nendawo. Yiyo loo nto abathengi abaninzi besenza uluhlu olufutshane kuyo yonke indawo.inkqubo yefowuni engxamisekileyo yemizi-mveliso, aifowuni enganyangekiyo yingxolokunye nengcali ekhethekileyoifowuni enganyangekiyo eyonakalisayoendaweni yokunyanzela imveliso enye ukuba igubungele zonke iimeko.

Okokugqibela, qinisekisa umgangatho wamaxwebhu omthengisi. Umthengisi othembekileyo kufuneka achaze ngokucacileyo ukufaneleka kokusingqongileyo, indlela yokufaka, ububanzi besatifikethi, inkqubo yenkonzo, kunye nemida. Xa ezo nkcukacha zicacile, ucwangciso lonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo luba lula ukulukhusela kuphicotho-zincwadi, uphononongo lweeprojekthi, kunye noqeqesho lokuphendula kwiziganeko.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yefowuni engxamisekileyo yemizi-mveliso

1. Yintoni eyenza inkqubo yefowuni yongxamiseko yemizi-mveliso ithembeke xa umbane ucinyiwe?

Amandla okugcina umbane, izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezikhuselweyo, kunye nendlela yonxibelelwano ekhuselekileyo yenza inkqubo ithembeke ngexesha lokucima. Ifowuni yodwa ayanelanga ukuba iswitshi, isango, okanye izixhobo zegumbi lokulawula zilahlekelwa ngumbane.

2. Kutheni le nto ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nengxolo ibalulekile kwimizi-mveliso?

Kuba iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo kwiifektri zihlala zenziwa kwiimeko apho ukuqondwa kwentetho yeyona ngxaki. Ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nengxolo iphucula amathuba okuba umyalezo uqondwe kwifowuni yokuqala.

3. Ngaba ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu yanele kwiindawo zoshishino zangaphandle?

Kuphela xa iingozi eziphambili ziyimvula, i-UV, ityuwa etshisiweyo, kunye notshintsho lobushushu. Ukuba indawo ikwanomonakalo, umhlwa, okanye iigesi ezinobungozi, kunokufuneka uhlobo olwahlukileyo lokuvala.

4. Uvavanya njani ukuba unxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo luthembekile ngokwenene?

Yenza ukulinganisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle, linganisa ukuqondwa phantsi kwengxolo yokwenyani, hlola ukuvalwa kokusingqongileyo, qinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwenethiwekhi, kwaye uqinisekise ukufikelela kulondolozo kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo ezisele.

5. Ngaba imigangatho ibalulekile xa ukhetha izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingxamisekileyo?

Ewe. Imigangatho inceda ekuchazeni ukusebenza okwamkelekileyo, iimeko zokufakelwa, kunye nolindelo lwempendulo yeziganeko. Yenza izigqibo zokuthenga zibe nokulinganiswa ngakumbi kwaye zingabi zezomntu ocingayo.

6. Yeyiphi impazamo eqhelekileyo ekukhetheni ifowuni engxamisekileyo?

Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kukukhetha ngokwe-generic category endaweni ye-failure mode yokwenyani. Isixhobo esilungileyo ngaphakathi sinokungasebenzi ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle, kwingxolo, okanye kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

7. Ngaba igumbi lolawulo kufuneka lifakwe kwisicwangciso sokuthembeka kwefowuni engxamisekileyo?

Ngokuqinisekileyo. Isiphelo esithembekileyo asinamsebenzi ukuba indlela yegumbi lolawulo ayisebenzi, ayijongwanga, kwaye ayinabasebenzi ngokwesicwangciso sempendulo yesiza.