Iinkqubo zesithethi ezingangenisi ukuqhuma zizisa njani izilumkiso zomgama omde?

• Ukusebenza komgama omde kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwesandi, ukukhokela, ukuphakama kokukhweza, kunye nomgangatho wengxolo, kungekhona amandla esithethi kuphela.
• Iinkqubo ze-alamu zeendawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zihambelane nohlu lweendawo, ukhuseleko lokungena, kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi sendawo.
• Iiprojekthi zeedilesi zikawonke-wonke zoshishino kufuneka ziyilwe ngokumalunga nokuqondwa, ukumapha ukugubungela, kunye nokufikelela kulondolozo endaweni yexabiso eliphantsi leyunithi.
• Izilumkiso ezithembekileyo zomgama omde zihlala zifuna indlela yenkqubo: isithethi, i-amplifier, isilawuli, iintambo, kunye ne-power backup.

Uyilo lwenkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma lujolise ekunikezeni isilumkiso esiqondakalayo ngexesha elifunekayo, ingakumbi apho ingxolo engqongileyo, indawo evulekileyo, kunye neemeko ezinobungozi zenza ukuba i-paging eqhelekileyo ingasebenzi. Umzekelo, i-OSHA ithi ii-alamu zongxamiseko mazibe zezahlukileyo kwaye zivakale ngokucacileyo, ngelixaI-NFPA 72ifuna ukuvakala nokuqondwa kakuhle ukuze kujongwane nako kuyilo lwe-alamu yomlilo kunye nonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo. Kumsebenzi wokwenyani wedilesi kawonke-wonke yemizi-mveliso, oko kuthetha ukuyila umda woxinzelelo lwesandi ngaphezu kwengxolo yangasemva, uze uqinisekise ukugqunywa ngexesha lokuqaliswa kokusebenza. Ukuba uthelekisa iintsapho zemveliso ezifana neifowuni ethintela ukuqhuma, ifowuni ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulukunyeifowuni yemizi-mveliso, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphatha isithethi njengenxalenye yolwakhiwo olubanzi lonxibelelwano lokhuseleko, kungekhona njengebhokisi ezimeleyo.

Indlela inkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma edala ngayo izilumkiso zomgama omde

Inkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma idala izilumkiso zomgama omde ngokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla e-acoustic alawulwayo ahlala eqondakala emva kokulahleka komgama kunye nokuncipha kokusingqongileyo.

Umgaqo wokuqala kukufumana isandi esikhulu, hayi isandi esiluhlaza. Inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi lehla malunga ne-6 dB ngalo lonke ixesha umgama uphindaphindwa kabini kwiimeko zentsimi ekhululekileyo, ngoko ke isithethi esamkelekileyo kwiimitha ezili-10 sisenokungonelanga kwiimitha ezingama-40 ngaphandle kokuba sikhethwe kwaye sibekwe ngokuchanekileyo. Yiyo loo nto uyilo lwe-alamu yendawo enobungozi ludla ngokuqala ngemephu yokugubungela, ingxolo elindelekileyo, kunye nokuqondwa kwethagethi, emva koko lusebenza ngasemva ukuya kwisiphumo sesithethi esifunekayo. Kwiiyadi zangaphandle, kwiindawo zokucoca, kwiindawo zokulayisha, nakwiindlela zemigodi, isilumkiso kufuneka sikhuphisane neenjini, iipompo, umoya, kunye neendawo ezikhanyayo.

Umgaqo wesibini kukuqondisa. Uyilo olunexilongo okanye indawo ebiyelweyo ejolise amandla e-acoustic kwindawo yokumamela, inyusa uluhlu oluluncedo ngaphandle kokunyanzela i-amplifier ukuba ichithe amandla kwicala elingabalulekanga. Umgaqo wesithathu yindawo yentloko yenkqubo. Ukuba ithoni yesilumkiso okanye umyalezo welizwi usondele kakhulu kumda we-amplifier, ukuphazamiseka kuyaphakama kwaye ukuqondwa kuyehla. Kwiinkqubo zentetho kawonkewonke zoshishino, isignali ecocekileyo ene-reserve efanelekileyo idla ngokusebenza ngakumbi kunesithethi esikhulu kodwa esingalungiswanga kakuhle.

Umgaqo wesine kukusinda. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi, indawo ebiyelweyo kufuneka imelane nothuli, ukufuma, ukuvezwa ziikhemikhali, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu. Ngokomxholo wesatifikethi, i-IEC 60079-0 igubungela iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo zemozulu eziqhumayo, kwaye iingcamango zokhuseleko ezithile zommandla zichazwe kuthotho lwe-IEC 60079. Ngokusebenza kwendawo ebiyelweyo, uyilo oluninzi lwemizi-mveliso lukwabhekisa kwiireyithingi ze-IP phantsiI-IEC 60529Inkqubo inokubonelela kuphela ngezilumkiso zomgama omde rhoqo ukuba indawo ebiyelweyo kunye nokuxhonywa kwayo kusinda iimeko zendawo ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihlale ilinganisiwe kwaye ilungiseka.

Kutheni ukuqondakala kwe-alamu yendawo enobungozi kubaluleke ngaphezu komthamo oluhlaza

Ukuqonda kubaluleke ngaphezu komthamo oqhelekileyo kuba abasebenzi kufuneka baqonde isilumkiso, bangaqapheli nje ukuba isixhobo siyakhala.

Kwi-paging yongxamiseko, umyalezo omkhulu kodwa ongacacanga unokulibazisa ukuphuma, udale ukudideka, kwaye ubangele impendulo engalunganga. Loo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kwizityalo ezinemiyalezo emininzi: ukuphuma, indawo yokuhlala, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo, ukuvuza kwegesi, kunye nezilumkiso zokugcinwa. I-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.165 ifuna ukuba ii-alamu zongxamiseko zibe zahlukile kwaye ziqapheleke, kwaye iinkqubo zelizwi kwiindawo ezininzi zezicelo zentetho yoluntu kufuneka zigcine ukucaca kwentetho phantsi kwengxolo ephezulu. Kulapho inkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma eyakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo iba luncedo khona: yenzelwe ukuxhasa isignali esebenzisekayo, kungekhona nje enokubonwa.

Indlela isandi esisebenza ngayo ikwatshintsha nangaphandle. Umoya ungathwala okanye utshintshe isandi, ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zesinyithi kunokwenza ukuhluzwa kwekama, kwaye oomatshini banokufihla amaza abalulekileyo kwintetho. Ngenxa yokuba ukuqondwa kuxhomekeke kumaza amaninzi, iinkqubo ezininzi zikhetha impendulo ecacileyo ye-mid-band kwimiyalezo yelizwi kunye nethoni enamandla, ehambelanayo yemiqondiso yokuphuma. Kwindawo enobungozi esetyenziswayo, injongo idla ngokuba kukufikelela kumda osebenzayo phezu kwengxolo engqongileyo ngelixa kuthintelwa ukuphindaphindwa okanye ukuphambuka okugqithisileyo.

Kumaqela obunjineli, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa kukulinganisa intsimi. Ngexesha lokufaka izicelo, iingcali zihlala ziqinisekisa ukugubungela kwiindawo ezininzi, zilinganise ingxolo yendawo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba intetho ihlala iqondakala kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza. Yiyo loo nto iiprojekthi zentetho kawonke-wonke zoshishino kufuneka zichaze iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa ezinokulinganiswa kwasekuqaleni, endaweni yokuphatha isithethi njengesincedisi sempahla.

Yeyiphi imigangatho echaza indlela yokukhetha inkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma?

Ukukhethwa kwemilo yemigangatho kuba ichaza indlela ekufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngayo ukhuseleko lokuqhuma, ukuthembeka kwendawo ebiyelweyo, kunye nokusebenza kwe-alamu.

Ubuncinane, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zendawo enobungozi kufanele kuthathele ingqalelo ulwahlulo lomoya, ingcamango yokhuseleko, kunye nendawo yokufakela. I-IEC 60079-0 ngumgangatho osisiseko wezixhobo kwiindawo eziqhumayo, ngelixa uthotho olubanzi lwe-IEC 60079 lugubungela iindlela zokukhusela ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ukukhusela uthuli kunye namanzi avaliweyo,I-IEC 60529Ibonelela ngesakhelo sekhowudi ye-IP, efana ne-IP66 okanye i-IP67, edla ngokuba yeyona ibalulekileyo kufakelo lweedilesi zoluntu zangaphandle kwimizi-mveliso. Ukuze kuviwe i-alamu yongxamiseko kunye noyilo lwenkqubo enxulumene nayo,I-NFPA 72isasoloko isalathiso esibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi. I-OSHA ikwabonelela ngeemfuno zokubonisana ngexesha likaxakeka kwi-29 CFR 1910.165 kunye nocwangciso lwesenzo sikaxakeka kwi-29 CFR 1910.38.

Ezi mbekiselo azithathi indawo yophononongo lwekhowudi yendawo, kodwa zixelela umthengi into amakayicele: ububanzi besatifikethi, iimeko zokufakela, kunye nokuba inkqubo yenzelwe igesi, uthuli, okanye iindawo ezinomngcipheko oxutyiweyo. Intsingiselo esebenzayo ilula. Isithethi esibonakala siqinile asanele. Amaxwebhu kufuneka ahambelane neklasi yengozi, umlinganiselo we-enclosure, kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa.

Zeziphi iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezibaluleke kakhulu kwidilesi yoluntu yemizi-mveliso ekude?

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa zibaluleke kakhulu xa zinxulumene nendawo yokumamela yokwenyani.

Kwizaziso zomgama omde, amanani amane afanele ukuqwalaselwa ngokusondeleyo: inqanaba loxinzelelo lwesandi, amandla alinganisiweyo, impendulo yamaza, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuvala. I-SPL ephezulu inokwandisa uluhlu olusebenzayo, kodwa kuphela ukuba isithethi sihlala siqondakala kwaye i-amplifier inokunika amandla acocekileyo. Amandla alinganisiweyo, adla ngokubonakaliswa kwiiwatts, kufuneka ajongwe njengomthamo kunokuba abonakale njengokusebenza. Impendulo yamaza aphindaphindayo ibalulekile kuba ukuqonda intetho kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekucaceni kwebhendi ephakathi, kungekuphela nje kwimveliso yamaza aphantsi. Ukulinganisa ukuvala kubalulekile kuba ukungena komswakama, ukubola, kunye nokungcola kothuli kunokunciphisa kancinci ukusebenza nokuba isithethi siphumelela ekuqaleni.

Ijiyometri yokufakela ibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Isithethi esifakwe phezulu nesijikiweyo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo sidla ngokugqwesa iyunithi enomsindo efakwe kwi-engile embi. Kwizityalo ezinkulu, iiyunithi ezininzi ezincinci zinokubonelela ngenkonzo engcono kunesixhobo esinye esikhulu kuba zinciphisa iindawo zomthunzi kunye nokubonakaliswa. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zedilesi zikawonke-wonke zoshishino apho iirakhi, iipayipi, iindonga, kunye nezixhobo ezihambayo zenza iimeko ze-acoustic ezingalinganiyo.

Indlela yokukhetha inkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma kwindawo yakho

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhetha kukudibanisa isithethi nengozi, inqanaba lengxolo, kunye nejometri yokugubungela.

Qala ngokuchaza ulwahlulo lweendawo kunye nokuba indawo leyo inegesi, umphunga, uthuli, okanye ingozi exutyiweyo. Emva koko ulinganise ingxolo engqongileyo ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo kwaye uchonge amaxesha aphezulu engxolo. I-alamu yendawo enobungozi kufuneka ilinganiswe ngokwemeko embi kakhulu, kungekhona ukutshintsha okuzolileyo. Okulandelayo, gqiba ekubeni ufuna isilumkiso sethoni kuphela, ukufota ngelizwi, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini. Ilizwi lingcono ekufundiseni, ngelixa ithoni inokukhawulezisa ukuqondwa kokufuduka kwangoko.

Emva koko, jonga imida yokufakela. Ezinye iisayithi zifuna ukufakwa eludongeni, ezinye zifuna ukufakwa kweepali, kwaye ezinye zifuna ukudityaniswa neziseko ezikhoyo ze-PA okanye ze-ESD. Ukuba indawo sele isebenzisa umqolo wedilesi kawonke-wonke wezemizi-mveliso, ukuhambelana nabalawuli, ii-amplifier, kunye namandla okugcina idatha kunokubaluleka ngaphezu kwe-enclosure yesithethi ngokwayo. Okokugqibela, jonga ukufikelela kulondolozo. Inkqubo enzima ukuyijonga idla ngokungathembeki ngokuhamba kwexesha kuba imiba emincinci ifunyanwa kade kakhulu.

1. Chaza udidi lweengozi kunye nesidingo sesatifikethi kuqala.
2. Linganisa ingxolo yemozulu kwimeko yokusebenza yokwenyani.
3. Khetha ithoni, ilizwi, okanye zombini ngokusekelwe kwixesha lokuphendula kunye nokucaca.
4. Qinisekisa ukuphakama kokuxhoma, umgama wokuphosa, kunye nezithintelo.
5. Jonga indlela yokufikelela kulondolozo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nendlela yokufakelwa kweentambo.

Kubathengi abathelekisa iindidi zeenkqubo, kunokunceda ukuphonononga iimveliso zonxibelelwano ezikufutshane ezifanaisithethi esingavumeli ukuqhuma, ifowuni engxamisekileyokunyeinkqubo ye-intercomLoo maphepha axhasa umthi wezigqibo obanzi kuba iiprojekthi ezininzi zifuna isilumkiso kunye nonxibelelwano oluvela macala omabini.

Apho izilumkiso zomgama omde zingaphumeleli khona kwiiprojekthi zentetho yoluntu yemizi-mveliso

Uninzi lokusilela kwezilumkiso zomgama omde luvela kuyilo olubi lwenkqubo kunokuba luvela kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka.

Imo yokuqala yokusilela ayikuthatheli ngqalelo ingxolo yemo engqongileyo. Isixhobo esisebenza kwindawo yokuvavanya ezolileyo sinokunyamalala kwindawo yokuvelisa ephilayo xa iicompressor, iiconveyor, kunye neelori zisebenza. Imo yesibini yokusilela ibekwe ngendlela engalunganga. Isithethi esivalwe yintsimbi yolwakhiwo, iinqanawa zenkqubo, okanye oomatshini asinakukwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba amandla aso aphezulu kangakanani na. Imo yesithathu yokusilela kukusebenzisa i-amplifier kakhulu, nto leyo ephazamisa ilizwi kwaye inciphise ukuqondwa.

Imo yesine yokusilela kukungawunaki umbane oqhubekayo. Kwisignali yongxamiseko, isithethi siluncedo kuphela njengomlawuli kunye nekhonkco lombane elisityisayo. Inkqubo yedilesi yoluntu eqinileyo yemizi-mveliso idla ngokubandakanya ukugcinwa kwebhetri, iisekethe ezijongiweyo, kunye nokujonga kwinqanaba lendawo ukuze kufumaneke impazamo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ingxamiseko. Imo yesihlanu yokusilela kukucwangcisa ukugcinwa okungalunganga. Ukubola, ii-gland ezikhululekileyo, izitywino ezonakeleyo, kunye nokungena kwamanzi kunokunciphisa kancinci kancinci ukuphuma kunye nokuthembeka de i-alamu elandelayo ityhile ingxaki.

Ezi ntsilelo zinokuthintelwa xa iprojekthi ibandakanya uphando lwe-acoustic, imizobo yendawo, uvavanyo lokufaka izicelo, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukulumkisa umgama omde ngumsebenzi wobomi bonke, kungekhona ukuthenga kube kanye.

Indlela uvavanyo lwasentsimini oluqinisekisa ngayo ukusebenza komgama omde

Uvavanyo lwasentsimini luqinisekisa ukusebenza kuba iisayithi zokwenyani ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwimizobo yoyilo.

Isicwangciso sovavanyo esisebenzayo sidla ngokuquka ukulinganiswa kwengxolo engqongileyo, ukujonga ukuvakala kwenqaku ngenqaku, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuqondwa kwentetho. Iingcali kufuneka zivavanye ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude ekujoliswe kuzo ukuva, emva koko zithelekise iziphumo kwiimeko zokusebenza zasemini nasebusuku ukuba indawo itshintsha iipatheni zomthwalo. Kwiithoni ze-alamu, isignali kufuneka yahluke ngokucacileyo kwingxolo yomatshini kunye nezandi zezityalo eziqhelekileyo. Kwimiyalezo yelizwi, amagama kufuneka aqondwe ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda.

Apho kunokwenzeka, uvavanyo kufuneka luqinisekise ukujonga iimpazamo kunye nokuziphatha kwamandla okuxhasa. I-alamu yendawo enobungozi evakala kakuhle kodwa ingaphumeleli ngexesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo ayihlangabezani nenjongo yayo yokusebenza. Abathengi abaninzi ngoku bacela iirekhodi zokugunyazisa ezibhaliweyo kuba bafuna uphawu oluphindaphindwayo, kungekuphela nje isiqinisekiso somlomo. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba amaqela obunjineli abaxabise ababoneleli abanokubonelela ngolwazi lwenqanaba lemveliso kunye nenkxaso yenqanaba leprojekthi.

Kwiprojekthi ezilungileyo, uvavanyo lukhokelela ngqo ekuhlengahlengiseni kokugqibela. Oko kunokuquka ukutshintsha i-engile yesithethi, ukwandisa inani leendawo, okanye ukwahlula iindawo ezinengxolo ephezulu kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Injongo ayikokuphakama okuphezulu. Injongo zizilumkiso ezihambelanayo neziqondakalayo kuyo yonke indawo yomngcipheko.

Isikhokelo sokuthenga: into omawuyibuze ngaphambi kokuba ucacise i-alamu yendawo enobungozi

Ngaphambi kokuba uchaze i-alamu yendawo enobungozi, buza imibuzo ebonisa ukuba inkqubo ifanelekile na ngokwenene kwinjongo yayo.

• Yintoni kanye kanye imfuneko yokwahlulwahlulwa kweendawo ezinobungozi kunye nesatifikethi?
• Ingakanani ingxolo engqongileyo ngexesha lokusebenza apho ingxolo iphezulu?
• Ngaba ithoni yesilumkiso, umyalezo welizwi, okanye zombini ziyafuneka?
• Zingaphi iindawo ezifuna ulawulo oluzimeleyo kunye nolawulo?
• Liliphi ixesha lombane elifunekayo ngexesha lokucima kwebhetri?
• Luluphi ucwangciso lokufikelela kulondolozo kunye nezicwangciso zezixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo eziza kusetyenziswa?

Le mibuzo inciphisa iimpazamo zeenkcukacha kuba inyanzela iqela leprojekthi ukuba lichaze imeko-bume yokusebenza yokwenyani. Ikwakwenza kube lula ukuthelekisa abathengisi ngamagama alinganisekayo endaweni yamabango angacacanga. Kubathengi beprojekthi, loo nto idla ngokuba ngumahluko phakathi kwenkqubo edlula nje imvume yokuthenga kunye nenkqubo esindayo ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga neenkqubo zezithethi ezingaqhumiyo kunye nezilumkiso zomgama omde

1. Ingafikelela phi inkqubo yesithethi esingenakuqhuma?

Uluhlu olusebenzayo luxhomekeke kwi-SPL, i-directivity, ingxolo ye-ambient, ukuphakama kokukhweza, kunye nezithintelo. Kwiimeko zentsimi ekhululekileyo, inqanaba lesandi lehla malunga ne-6 dB ngalo lonke ixesha umgama uphindaphindwa kabini, ngoko ke uluhlu kufuneka lwenziwe ngendlela yoyilo endaweni yokuba lucingelwe.

2. Ngaba ingxolo isoloko ingcono xa kukho i-alamu kwindawo enobungozi?

Hayi. Ingxolo engenakuqondakala inganciphisa umgangatho wempendulo. Inkqubo engcono kakhulu inomsindo ngokwaneleyo ukuba ime ngaphezu kwengxolo kodwa icace ngokwaneleyo ukuba abasebenzi bayiqonde umyalezo.

3. Ngaba ndifuna ii-voice paging okanye ii-alamu zethoni nje?

Ukubhala iipeyinti zelizwi kungcono xa abasebenzi befuna imiyalelo, ngelixa ithoni ingcono ukuze kuqondwe ngokukhawuleza. Iinkqubo ezininzi zedilesi zikawonke-wonke zemizi-mveliso zisebenzisa zombini ezi ndlela ukugubungela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zongxamiseko.

4. Ngowuphi umgangatho ekufuneka ndiwujonge kuqala?

Qala ngomgangatho wezixhobo zendawo enobungozi kunye nemithetho ye-alamu yongxamiseko kwindawo. Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, i-IEC 60079,I-IEC 60529kunyeI-NFPA 72ziimbekiselo eziphambili.

5. Kutheni ireyithingi yokuvala ibalulekile ukuba isithethi sele sisebenza ngaphakathi?

Kuba iindawo ezingaphandle nezinobungozi zibeka izixhobo eluthulini, emanzini, kwityuwa, kwi-UV, nasekungcangcazeleni. Indawo efanelekileyo inceda ukugcina ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwesandi ngokuhamba kwexesha.

6. Yintoni ebangela ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kwentsimi?

Ukubekwa kakubi yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo. Isithethi esifanelekileyo sisenokungaphumeleli ukugubungela indawo ukuba ivaliwe, ikwi-engile engalunganga, okanye ifakwe phantsi kakhulu.

7. Ndingaziphucula njani izilumkiso zomgama omde ngaphandle kokuthenga kakhulu izixhobo?

Qala ngemephu ye-acoustic, sebenzisa ugubungela kwicala, yahlulahlula indawo ibe ziingingqi, kwaye ugcine i-headroom ye-amplifier. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uyilo olukrelekrele luzisa iziphumo ezingcono kunesithethi esinye esikhulu.