Izithethi Ezingaqhumiyo: Iimpawu Eziphambili kunye Nezicelo Zemizi-mveliso

Kutheni Izithethi Ezingaqhumiyo Zibalulekile Kwiindawo Eziyingozi

Izakhiwo zoshishino ezisebenza kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo zifuna ukuqinaIntetho kawonkewonke kunye nesilumkiso esiqhelekileyo(PA/GA) ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza. Kwiindawo apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, okanye uthuli oluvuthayo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokutsha.Izithethi ezingaqhumiyozenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela esi sisongelo ngelixa zibonelela ngezilumkiso ezibalulekileyo zesandi kunye nonxibelelwano lwelizwi kuzo zonke iindlela zoshishino ezinkulu nezinengxolo ephezulu.

Ukusasazwa kwezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo ze-acoustic akusiyondlela ilungileyo nje kuphela; ngumyalelo ongqongqo wolawulo olawulwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqonda imigaqo yobunjineli, iimfuno zesatifikethi, kunye nemilinganiselo yokusebenza kwe-acoustic yezithethi ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma kubalulekile kwiinjineli zombane, abaphathi bezakhiwo, kunye neengcali zokuthenga ezinikwe umsebenzi wokukhusela iindawo ezinobungozi.

Indlela Yokuseka Isidingo Sezithethi Ezingaqhumiyo

Ukuze kuqondwe imfuneko yezixhobo zesandi ezingaqhumiyo, umntu kufuneka ahlole unxantathu womlilo: ipetroli, ioksijini, kunye nomthombo wokutsha. Kwindawo yemizi-mveliso enobungozi, ipetroli (efana ne-methane, i-hydrogen, okanye uthuli lwengqolowa) kunye neoksijini zihlala zikhona kwi-atmosphere. Eyona nto ilawulwayo kuphela ngumthombo wokutsha. Izithethi eziqhelekileyo zisebenzisa ii-voice coils, ii-transformers, kunye neentambo ezinokuvelisa iintlantsi zombane okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu adlula umda wokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo wezinto eziguquguqukayo ezijikelezileyo. Umzekelo, amandla amancinci okutsha (i-MIE) kumxube we-hydrogen-air aphantsi kakhulu, alinganiswa malunga ne-0.017 mJ. Isithethi esiqhelekileyo sorhwebo sinokuvelisa ngokulula ukukhutshwa kwamandla okugqitha kakhulu lo mkhawulo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo okanye imeko yempazamo.

Izithethi ezingaqhumiyo zenzelwe ukuphelisa isithethi njengomthombo osebenzayo wokutsha. Oku akufezekiswa ngokuthintela umoya oguquguqukayo ukuba ungangeni kwisixhobo, kodwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba naluphi na utsha lwangaphakathi luyagcinwa kwaye lucinywe ngaphambi kokuba lusasazeke kwindawo yangaphandle. Olu tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwifilosofi yobunjineli lulawula ukhetho olungqongqo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ukunyamezelana kwesakhiwo, kunye namaqhinga olawulo lobushushu asetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo.

Iingozi Eziphambili Zokusebenza Kwindawo Enobungozi Yonxibelelwano

Unxibelelwano kwiindawo ezinobungozi luzaliswe yimingeni ekhethekileyo yokusebenza edlula ingozi yokuqhuma ngokukhawuleza. Iindawo zoshishino ezifana neendawo zokucocisa, amaqonga okumba aphesheya kolwandle, kunye nezityalo zokucubungula iikhemikhali zibonakaliswa ngamanqanaba engxolo angaphaya kwendalo. Ingxolo yangasemva evela kwiicompressors, iiturbines, kunye noomatshini abanzima bahlala besebenza kuluhlu lwe-85 dB(A) ukuya kwi-110 dB(A). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umngcipheko oyintloko wokusebenza kukufihla i-acoustic, apho ii-alamu zokukhupha ezibalulekileyo okanye imiyalelo yelizwi likaxakeka ingavakali.

Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko kufuna izithethi ezingaqhumiyo ezikwaziyo ukuvelisa amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi (SPL) ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isiqinisekiso sazo sendawo enobungozi. Imfuneko yokusebenza eqhelekileyo iyalela ukuba imisindo ye-alamu mayidlule ingxolo yangasemva engqongileyo ubuncinane nge-10 ukuya kwi-15 dB(A) ukuqinisekisa ukuqatshelwa. Ngenxa yoko, indawo enengxolo yangaphakathi engama-95 dB(A) ifuna i-acoustic output ubuncinane eyi-105 dB(A) ukuya kwi-110 dB(A) kwindawo yomphulaphuli. Ukungaphumeleli ukufezekisa olu mahluko kuphumela "kwiindawo ezifileyo" okanye kwizithunzi ze-acoustic, okubeka emngciphekweni kakhulu iinkqubo zokhuseleko kwindawo yonke kunye nokwandisa amaxesha okuphendula ngexesha leziganeko ezibalulekileyo.

Yintoni echaza isithethi esingaqhumiyo

Igama elithi “ukungaqhumi” lidla ngokungaqondwa kakuhle kwiimeko zoshishino. Alithethi ukuba isithethi asinakutsha okanye sinako ukusinda kuqhushumbo oluyintlekele lwangaphandle. Kunoko, lithetha ukuba indawo evalekileyo yesixhobo yenzelwe ukuba iqulathe uqhushumbo lwangaphakathi lomxube wegesi okanye umphunga ovuthayo, othintela ukutsha komoya onobungozi ojikelezileyo.

Olu buchule bokugcina buxhomekeke kubunjineli boomatshini obuchanekileyo, isayensi yezinto eziqinileyo, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-acoustic ezahlula izithethi ezimelana nokuqhuma kwezinye iindlela zorhwebo ezinzima okanye ezimelana nemozulu.

Uyilo lweNdawo ebiyelweyo, Iindlela zeLangabi, kunye nokutywina

Eyona ndlela iphambili yesithethi esingaqhumiyo (Ex d) kukuyilwa kwaso kwendawo evalekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zomlilo. Xa igesi eguquguqukayo ingena kwindawo yesithethi ize ivuthelwe yimpazamo yombane yangaphakathi, ukuqhuma okubangelwayo kuvelisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi. Indawo evalekileyo kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo oomatshini ukuze imelane noxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iigesi ezikhulayo nezishushu kakhulu kufuneka zikhutshwe ngokukhuselekileyo ziye kwindawo engaphandle ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaphumeleli kwento evalekileyo.

Olu ngxolo luvela ngeendlela ezichanekileyo zomlilo ocinyiweyo—izithuba phakathi kweendawo zokudibana kweendawo ezivalekileyo. Ezi ndlela ziyilwe ngobude obuthile kunye neendawo ezilawulwa kakhulu, zihlala zisebenza ngomatshini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.15 mm. Njengoko igesi evuthayo inyanzelwa kwezi ndlela zincinci, ze-labyrinthine, ilahlekelwa ngamandla obushushu ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha igesi iphuma kwindawo evalekileyo, ubushushu bayo bube buphantsi kobushushu bokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo bomoya wangaphandle, nto leyo ecima ngokufanelekileyo ilangatye kwaye ithintele ukusasazeka kwangaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, ii-meshes zesinyithi ezikhethekileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa phezu kwe-acoustic horn okanye ukuvulwa komqhubi ukuvumela amaza esandi ukuba adlule ngelixa esebenza njenge-thermal mass ukupholisa iigesi eziphumayo.

Imilinganiselo yokuthelekisa isithethi esingaqhumiyo

Xa kuvavanywa izithethi ezingaqhumiyo, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezivalekileyo yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthelekisa, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina, ubunzima, kunye nokufaneleka kwiindawo ezithile. Izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kushishino yiCopper-Free Aluminium, iGlass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP), kunye neStainless Steel 316L.

I-Aluminium ibonelela ngokusasazwa kobushushu okugqwesileyo kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ngexabiso eliphantsi, okwenza ukuba ifumaneke kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa elunxwemeni. I-GRP ibonelela ngenye indlela elula, enokuxhathisa ukugqwala kakhulu, efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi zeekhemikhali apho iintsimbi zinokonakala khona. I-Stainless Steel 316L imele umgangatho ophezulu, inika ukumelana okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwi-salty spray kunye nee-corrosive agents, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluqinisekileyo kumacandelo olwandle angaphandle kunye namashishini amakhulu.

Amandla okuphuma, i-SPL, i-Impedance, kunye nempendulo yeFrequency

Ngaphandle kokulawula oomatshini, ukusebenza kwesandi sesithethi esingenakuqhuma kufuneka kuhlangabezane nemigangatho eqinileyo yemizi-mveliso. Amandla okukhupha ezi zixhobo adla ngokuba phakathi kwe-15W ukuya kwi-30W, eqhutywa ngabaqhubi abakhethekileyo boxinzelelo. Nangona le wattage ibonakala incinci xa ithelekiswa neenkqubo zesandi zorhwebo, uyilo lweempondo olusebenza kakuhle luvumela ezi zithethi ukuba zivelise amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwesandi (SPL) abalaseleyo, ahlala efikelela kwi-110 dB ukuya kwi-125 dB kwimitha e-1.

Ukuhambelana kwe-Impedance kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ze-PA/GA. Uninzi lwezithethi ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma zine-transformers ezidityanisiweyo ze-multi-tap, ezivumela ukuba zisebenze kwimigca yesandi esasazwe nge-100V okanye i-70V. Olu lungiselelo lunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali ngexesha lokuhamba kweentambo ezinde eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezinkulu zoshishino. Impendulo yefrikhwensi yenziwe ngabom ukuze intetho yomntu iqondakale kwaye ifikelele kwithoni ye-alamu, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-300 Hz ukuya kwi-8 kHz. Le bhendi yefrikhwensi enomda ngabom ikhupha iifrikhwensi eziphantsi ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngaphandle kokufaka isandla ekucaceni kwelizwi kwiindawo ezinengxolo ephezulu.

Iziqinisekiso kunye neMigangatho ekufuneka ihlolwe

Ukuchaza isithethi esingaqhumiyo kufuna ukuhamba kwindawo entsonkothileyo yeziqinisekiso zehlabathi kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko yendawo. Isixhobo esithathwa njengesikhuselekileyo kwenye indawo sinokuthintelwa ngokungqongqo kwenye ukuba asinazo iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zengingqi.

Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho akuxoxiswana ngako; ukufaka izixhobo ezingaqinisekiswanga okanye ezingalinganiswanga kakuhle kwindawo enobungozi kuyaphula imithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini, kuphelisa imigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi, kwaye kwazisa umngcipheko omkhulu kubasebenzi nakwiziseko zophuhliso.

Uvavanyo lweQela, iCandelo, iNdawo, iQela leGesi, kunye noDust Group

Iindawo ezinobungozi zahlulwe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili: inkqubo yeKlasi/yoLwahlulo (esetyenziswa kakhulu eMntla Melika phantsi kwe-NEC/CEC) kunye nenkqubo yeZone (esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela phantsi kwemigangatho ye-IEC). Inkqubo yeKlasi/yoLwahlulo ihlela iingozi ngohlobo (iKlasi I yeegesi, iKlasi II yothuli) kunye namathuba okuba khona (iKlasi 1 yemisebenzi eqhelekileyo, iKlasi 2 yeemeko ezingaqhelekanga). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo yeZone ihlela iingozi zegesi kwiZone 0 (ubukho obuqhubekayo), iZone 1 (ubukho obungacwangciswanga), kunye neZone 2 (ubukho obungacwangciswanga), kunye neZone 2 ehambelanayo 20, 21, kunye ne-22 yothuli olunokutsha.

Ngaphezu koko, izithethi kufuneka zilinganiswe kwiiGas Groups ezithile kunye neeDust Groups. IGas Group IIC imele iigesi eziguquguqukayo kakhulu, ezifana nehydrogen kunye neacetylene, ezifuna uyilo oluqinileyo lwe-enclosure. IDust Group IIIC iquka uthuli oluqhubayo olufana neepowders zesinyithi. Uhlu lobushushu (T-Rating) lubaluleke ngokulinganayo; isithethi esine-T4 rating siqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu baso obuphezulu bomphezulu wangaphandle abuyi kudlula kwi-135°C phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zempazamo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba asiyi kuvutha iigesi ezinobushushu bokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo obungaphezulu kwaloo mda.

Umahluko kwiSatifikethi se-ATEX, i-IECEx, kunye ne-UL

Umbutho oqinisekisayo ovuma esi sixhobo uyalela ukuba sisetyenziswe ngokusemthethweni kwiimarike ezithile zehlabathi.I-ATEX(Atmosphères Explosibles) ngumyalelo oyimfuneko kwizixhobo ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwi-European Union. I-IECEx sisikimu sesatifikethi samazwe ngamazwe esenzelwe ukwenza lula urhwebo lwehlabathi, esamkelwe ngokubanzi kwimimandla efana ne-Australia, i-Middle East, kunye ne-Asia. EMantla Melika, izixhobo kufuneka zibe neempawu ezivela kwiiLabhoratri zoVavanyo eziQondwayo kuZwelonke (ii-NRTL) ezifana ne-UL, i-FM, okanye i-CSA.

Ukubhala amaxwebhu, ukulebhelisha, kunye nemizobo yokufakela

Amaqela okuthenga kunye nobunjineli kufuneka aqinisekise amaxwebhu apheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba amkele isithethi esingaqhumiyo. I-Declaration of Conformity (DoC) esebenzayo kunye nesatifikethi esisemthethweni esivela kwi-Notified Body (efana neSira, iBaseefa, okanye i-PTB) kufuneka zihambe nemveliso. Ipleyiti yegama lesithethi kufuneka ibonise ngokusisigxina iimpawu ze-Ex, imida yobushushu be-ambient (umz., Ta = -40°C ukuya ku-+60°C), ukulinganiswa kombane, kunye nekhowudi ye-IP.

Imizobo kunye neencwadi zokufaka ezibonelelwa ngumvelisi ngamaxwebhu abophelelayo ngokusemthethweni phantsi kwemithetho ye-Ex. La maxwebhu achaza iiparameter ezibalulekileyo zokufakela, njengohlobo olufunekayo lwee-cable glands eziqinisekisiweyo (umz., ii-Ex d barrier glands ze-volumes ezithile zangaphakathi) kunye neenkcukacha ze-torque ezichanekileyo zee-enclosure bolts. Ukuphambuka kwezi nkqubo zokufakela ezichazwe ngumvelisi kuphelisa ngoko nangoko isiqinisekiso sokumelana nokuqhuma kwendibano yonke.

Indlela yokuchaza isithethi esingenakho ukuqhuma

Ukuguqulela iinkcukacha zobugcisa zibe yindlela esebenzayo yokusetyenziswa kwe-PA/GA kufuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo yoyilo lwenkqubo. Ukukhetha isithethi esifanelekileyo esingaqhumiyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo, kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo ethile yeshishini, imeko-bume ebonakalayo, kunye ne-topology ye-acoustic yesiza.

Iinjineli kufuneka zilinganisele iimfuno zokugquma umsindo kunye neenyani ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, ziqinisekise ukuba izixhobo ziyasinda ubomi bokusebenza besakhiwo ngelixa zigcina iziqinisekiso zazo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo.

Izicelo Zemizi-mveliso Ezifuna Izithethi Ezingaqhumiyo

Imfuno yezithethi ezingaqhumiyo ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini amakhulu.ioyile negesiamacandelo—ukususela kwiindlela zokugrumba ezikude nolwandle ukuya kwiindawo zokucoca iikhemikhali ezikude nolwandle—isoyikiso esingapheliyo sokuvuza kwe-hydrocarbon sifuna iziseko zonxibelelwano ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokufanayo, izityalo zokwenza iikhemikhali ezijongene nezinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo zifuna ukugubungela okukhulu kwe-Zone 1 kunye ne-Zone 2.

Nangona kunjalo, iindawo ezinobungozi azipheleli nje kwiigesi kunye nomphunga. Amashishini ezolimo kunye nokucubungula ukutya ajongene nemingcipheko enzima evela kuthuli oluvuthayo. Iilifti zeenkozo, iifektri zomgubo, kunye neendawo zokucubungula iswekile zisebenza kwiindawo apho izinto ezixhonyiweyo zinokubangela imozulu eqhumayo kakhulu. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo oluncinci oluqhumayo (i-MEC) lothuli lweenkozo ludla ngokuba phakathi kwama-40 ukuya kuma-50 eegram nge-cubic meter nganye. Kwezi zicelo, izithethi kufuneka ziphathe iziqinisekiso ezithile zeDust Group (umz., IIIB okanye IIIC) kunye neZone 21/22, ezineendawo ezivaliweyo ezithintela ukungena kwee-fine particles ezinokutsha kwiindawo zombane zangaphakathi.

Izinto Ezisingqongileyo: Ukugqwala, Ukususwa Kwenkunkuma, kunye Nobushushu

Amanqaku okumelana nokuqhuma ajongana nemingcipheko yokutsha, kodwa amanqanaba okungena kokusingqongileyo amisela ixesha elide lokusebenza kwesipikha. Iindawo zoshishino ezijongene nemvula enamandla, ukuhla koxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye ukuhlala kweendawo ezincinci zifuna izipikha ezinezilinganiso zoKhuseleko lokungena (IP), ngesiqhelo i-IP66 okanye i-IP67. EMantla Melika, umlinganiselo ofanayo we-NEMA 4X udla ngokuchazwa, nto leyo ebonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokumelana nokugqwala.

Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bulawula ukukhethwa kwezinto kunye namacandelo. Izakhiwo ezikwiArctic Circle okanye eMbindi Mpuma zifuna izithethi eziqinisekisiweyo zobushushu obude obuphakathi, obuhlala buqala kwi -50°C ukuya kwi +70°C. Ngaphezu koko, iindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi, ezifana neeterminal ze-LNG ezikunxweme okanye amaqonga aselunxwemeni, zibeka izixhobo kwi-corrosion ekhawulezileyo. Kwezi meko, ukucacisa iindawo ezibiyelweyo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingama-316L kunye nezibiyeli zokufaka ezikumgangatho wolwandle kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo okunokubeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kweendlela zomlilo.

Inkqubo yokukhetha inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ukukhetha isithethi esifanelekileyo esingaqhumiyo kulandela inkqubela phambili engqongqo yobunjineli. Okokuqala, chonga ulwahlulo lweendawo ezinobungozi (iKlasi/uLwahlulo okanye iNdawo, iGas/Dust Group, kunye neT-Rating) ezifunekayo kwindawo ethile yokufakela. Oku kucoca ngokukhawuleza izixhobo ezingahambelaniyo nemithetho. Okwesibini, hlalutya izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo ukuze ubone izinto ezifunekayo zokuvala (iAluminiyam, iGRP, okanye iStainless Steel) kunye nolwahlulo lwe-IP.

Okwesithathu, yenza izibalo ze-acoustic. Linganisa okanye ubonise inqanaba lengxolo yendawo. Sebenzisa umthetho oqhelekileyo wokuba ithoni ye-alamu ibe yi-10 ukuya kwi-15 dB(A) ngaphezulu komgangatho wengxolo yendawo. Usebenzisa umthetho wesikwere ochaseneyo wokunciphisa isandi (oyalela ukuhla kwe-6 dB kwi-SPL kuyo yonke imitha ephindwe kabini), bala amandla esithethi afunekayo, i-angle yokusasazeka, kunye noxinano lokubekwa ukuze ufezekise i-SPL ekujoliswe kuyo kulo lonke indawo emiselweyo yokugubungela. Okokugqibela, qinisekisa ukuhambelana kombane, uqinisekise ukuba i-impedance yesithethi okanye i-transformer tappings zihambelana noyilo lwe-PA/GA amplifier yesikhungo.

Indlela yokuthelekisa ababoneleli kunye nokwenza isigqibo sokuthenga

Ukuthengwa kwezipikha ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma kubonisa inkcitho enkulu yemali kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi yemizi-mveliso. Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwezi zixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo oluqatha kunye neziqinisekiso ezidlula kuzo, kubangela ukuba isakhiwo samaxabiso sahluke kakhulu kwizixhobo zesandi zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo.

Ukwenza isigqibo sokuthenga ngobulumko kufuna ukudlulela ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga iyunithi kunye nokuvavanya iindleko zizonke zobunini, iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho womenzi, kunye neziseko zoncedo zexesha elide ezikhoyo ubomi bonke besakhiwo.

Iindleko ezipheleleyo ekufuneka zivavanywe

Xa kuvavanywa iindleko ezipheleleyo, abathengi kufuneka baqaphele ixabiso eliphezulu elinxulumene nezixhobo ezinobungozi. Nangona isithethi esinzima semizi-mveliso sinokubiza i-$200 ukuya kwi-$400, isithethi se-Ex d esiqinisekisiweyo sidla ngokuba phakathi kwe-$800 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-$2,500 ngeyunithi nganye, kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo kunye nenqanaba lesiqinisekiso. Iindidi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ze-316L ziphezulu kolu luhlu lwamaxabiso ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zezinto eziluhlaza kunye nobunzima bokujika iindlela zelangatye ezinganyamezeliyo kwii-alloys ezinzima.

Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso leyunithi liyinxalenye enye kuphela yenkcitho iyonke. Iindleko zokufakela kwiindawo ezinobungozi ziphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yemfuneko yabasebenzi abakhethekileyo, iinkqubo zemibhobho ezithintela ukuqhuma, ii-barrier glands, kunye neebhokisi ze-junction eziqinisekisiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-OPEX (i-Operational Expenditure) kufuneka ibandakanyeke kwi-equation. Isithethi se-aluminium esingabizi kakhulu esifakwe kwindawo enobungozi kakhulu elwandle sinokufuna ukutshintshwa kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu, ngelixa iyunithi yentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye i-GRP ekumgangatho ophezulu inokubonelela ngobomi bokusebenza beminyaka eli-15, ekugqibeleni inike ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu leTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO).

Umgangatho woMvelisi, ukuLandelwa, kunye neNkxaso

Ukuthembeka kwesithethi esingaqhumiyo kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho zomenzi. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba umthengisi usebenza phantsi kwenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho engqongqo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa izixhobo zangaphambili, ezifana ne-ISO/IEC 80079-34. Lo mgangatho uqinisekisa ukuba umenzi ugcina ukulandeleka okungqongqo kwezinto kwaye unamathela kunyamezelo oluchanekileyo loomatshini olufunekayo yimibutho yeziqinisekiso.

Abavelisi abadumileyo benza uvavanyo loxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-100% kwiindawo ezibiyelweyo ukuze babone ukubola okuncinci okanye iziphene zesakhiwo ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe. Ukulandelelana kubalulekile; umenzi kufuneka akwazi ukubonelela ngezatifikethi zezinto kunye neerekhodi zebhetshi zeyunithi nganye ethunyelweyo. Ukongeza, abathengi kufuneka bavavanye ukuthembeka kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye namaxesha okukhokela. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezichasene nokuqhuma azigcinwa ngobuninzi besitokhwe. Uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lunokuthatha iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ukuze kuhanjiswe, ngelixa iintlobo ezipeyintwe ngokwezifiso okanye ezithenjiweyo zinokwandisa amaxesha okukhokela ukuya kwiiveki ezili-10 okanye ezili-12, ekufuneka zifakwe kwiishedyuli zeprojekthi.

Isakhelo seSigqibo sokugqibela

Isakhelo sokugqibela sesigqibo sokukhetha umthengisi wesithethi esingenakuqhuma kufuneka sihlole ukuthobela imithetho yobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwe-acoustic, kunye nenkxaso yabathengisi. Beka phambili abavelisi ababonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi zokubonisa i-acoustic, ezifana neefayile zedatha ze-EASE, ezivumela iinjineli ukuba zilinganise ukusasazwa kwesandi kwaye ziqinisekise ukugqunywa ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Vavanya uphawu lomthengisi kwihlabathi liphela kunye nobuchule benkxaso yexesha elide. Ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo zoshishino zihlala zisebenza amashumi eminyaka, ukukwazi ukufumana abaqhubi abatsha, iindawo ezisele eziqinisekisiweyo, okanye inkxaso yobugcisa yendawo emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokufakelwa yinto ebalulekileyo yokwahlula. Ekugqibeleni, ukukhetha isithethi esifanelekileyo esingaqhumiyo ngumsebenzi wokunciphisa umngcipheko. Ngokuthelekisa ngokungqongqo iziqinisekiso, izixhobo, idatha ye-acoustic, kunye nomvelaphi womenzi, abaqhubi bezoshishino banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zabo zonxibelelwano lokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo zisebenza ngokungenasiphako xa zifuneka kakhulu.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Khetha izithethi ezingaqhumiyo ngokwendlela ezibekwe ngayo indawo enobungozi, kuquka indawo, iqela legesi okanye uthuli, kunye nodidi lobushushu.
• Qinisekisa ukuba i-alamu iphuma idlula ingxolo engasemva ubuncinane nge-10 ukuya kwi-15 dB(A) ukuze ihlale ivakala kwiindawo zoshishino ezinengxolo ephezulu.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zomsindo eziqinisekisiweyo ezimelana nokuqhuma kwiindawo apho iigesi, umphunga, okanye uthuli olunokutsha lunokubangela umngcipheko wokutsha.
• Cwangcisa indawo yesithethi ngononophelo ukuze ususe izithunzi zesandi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba imiyalezo engxamisekileyo ifikelela kuzo zonke iindawo ezinabantu.
• Hlanganisa izithethi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhuma kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ze-PA/GA, i-paging, i-intercom, i-VoIP, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo ukuze kuphendulwe ngendlela edibeneyo kuyo yonke indawo.
• Beka phambili iimveliso zonxibelelwano zoshishino eziqinileyo neziqinisekisiweyo kwiindawo zangaphandle, ezirhabaxa, ezinothuli, okanye ezinobungozi apho ukuthembeka kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni eyenza isithethi esingaqhumiyo sahluke kwisithethi esiqhelekileyo semizi-mveliso?

Isithethi esingaqhumiyo senzelwe ukuba sigcine iintlantsi zangaphakathi, ii-arcs, okanye iziganeko zokutsha ukuze zingakwazi ukutshisa iigesi ezingqongileyo, umphunga, okanye uthuli. Sikwasebenzisa iindawo ezivalekileyo eziqinisekisiweyo, amaqondo obushushu alawulwayo, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino ezinobungozi.

Zisetyenziswa phi izithethi ezingaqhumiyo?

Zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zeoyile negesi, kwizityalo zeekhemikhali, kwimigodi, kumaqonga angaphandle kolwandle, kwiindawo zokucocisa, kwiindawo zokucubungula iinkozo, kwiindawo zaselwandle, nakwezinye iindawo ezinobungozi apho kukho iigesi ezivuthayo okanye uthuli oluvuthayo.

Kutheni inqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo lwesandi libalulekile kwiindawo ezinobungozi?

Ingxolo yangasemva yemizi-mveliso ingafikelela kwi-85 ukuya kwi-110 dB(A). Iithoni ze-alamu kufuneka zidlule ingxolo yendawo nge-10 ukuya kwi-15 dB(A), ngoko ke izithethi ezingakwaziyo ukuqhuma kufuneka zikhuphe amandla aneleyo okukhupha umsindo ngexesha leengxamiseko.

Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ekufuneka abathengi bazijonge?

Abathengi kufuneka bajonge iziqinisekiso zendawo enobungozi ezifana ne-ATEX, kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo zomgangatho kunye nokuthobela imithetho ezifana ne-CE, i-FCC, i-ROHS, kunye ne-ISO9001 apho kufanelekileyo. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sihambelane nendawo yesiza, iqela legesi okanye lothuli, kunye nodidi lobushushu.

Ngaba izithethi ezithintela ukuqhuma zingadibaniswa neenkqubo ze-PA/GA okanye ze-VoIP?

Ewe. Izithethi ezingaqhumiyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zeNtetho kaWonke-wonke kunye neze-Alarm eziQhelekileyo kwaye zinokudityaniswa ne-paging, i-dispatch, i-IP PBX/VoIP, iifowuni ezingxamisekileyo, kunye neenkqubo ze-intercom zonxibelelwano oludibeneyo kwindawo yonke.