Iifowuni ezingqina ukuqhuma kwe-ATEX vs IECEx: Umahluko oPhambili uchazwe

I-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx zimele izakhelo ezibini eziphambili zesatifikethi ezilawula ukhuseleko lweefowuni ezithintela ukuqhuma ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Esi sikhokelo sicacisa umahluko wobugcisa, imithetho yengingqi, kunye neendlela zokukhetha ezi zixhobo zonxibelelwano ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Ukuqonda iinkcazo ezisisiseko ze-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx

Imiyalelo ye-ATEX (Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères EXplosibles) yinkqubo yomthetho yaseYurophu eyimfuneko egubungela izixhobo zombane nezingezizo zombane ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziqhumayo. Nangona idla ngokuxoxwa ngayo kumxholo wehardware, eneneni inemiyalelo emibini: omnye ngowomenzi malunga nokhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nomnye ngowomqeshi malunga nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-IECEx sisikimu sesatifikethi samazwe ngamazwe esisekelwe kwimigangatho ephuhliswe yiKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yaMazwe ngaMazwe (i-IEC). Injongo yayo ephambili kukwenza kube lula urhwebo lwehlabathi lwezixhobo ezikhuselweyo ngokuqhuma ngokubonelela ngeqonga elinye, elihambelanayo lovavanyo kunye nesatifikethi esamkelwe ngamazwe amaninzi athatha inxaxheba.

Ulawulo lweSithili kunye neeMfuno zeHlabathi zokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwale migangatho mibini usekusetyenzisweni kwayo ngokwendawo nangokwezomthetho. Isatifikethi se-ATEX siyimfuneko esemthethweni kuyo nayiphi naIifowuni Ezingavumeli Ukuqhumaithengisiwe okanye ifakwe kwi-European Union (EU) kunye ne-European Economic Area (EEA). Ngaphandle kophawu lwe-CE kunye nophawu oluthile lwe-"Ex" hexagon, isixhobo asinakusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwiindawo ezinobungozi zaseYurophu.

I-IECEx, nangona ingekho “umthetho” ngendlela efanayo ne-ATEX Directive, isebenza njengesiseko semithetho emininzi yesizwe ngaphandle kweYurophu. Kwimimandla efana ne-Ostreliya, iNew Zealand, kunye neendawo ezikuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, i-IECEx idla ngokwamkelwa ngokuthe ngqo njengomgangatho wokuthobela imithetho. Kumashishini ehlabathi asebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhetha izixhobo ezinesatifikethi esiphindwe kabini kwenza inkqubo yokuthenga ibe lula.

Iinkqubo zoQinisekiso loMgangatho kunye neeNkqubela zoLwazi

Inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwe-ATEX ivumela "ukuziqinisekisa" izixhobo zodidi lwesithathu (iZone 2), nangona uninzi lwabavelisi abaziwayoIifowuni ezimelana nemozuluzivavanyelwa ngumntu wesithathu kuzo zonke iindidi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu. I-ATEX igxile kwi-"Essential Health and Safety Requirements" (EHSR) echazwe kwimiyalelo ye-EU.

I-IECEx igcina indlela engqongqo nephakathi yokuqinisekisa umgangatho. Ifuna "iSatifikethi sokuVumelana" esipheleleyo esikhutshwe yi-IECEx Certification Body (ExCB) evunyiweyo. Le nkqubo ayibandakanyi nje kuphela uvavanyo lokuqala lwesixhobo kodwa ikwabandakanya nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho wesakhiwo sokuvelisa, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNgxelo yoVavanyo loMgangatho (QAR).

Uthelekiso lweeNkqubo-sikhokelo zeSatifikethi

Ulwahlulo loBugcisa: Iindawo xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba oKhuselo

Zombini iinkqubo zihlela iindawo ezinobungozi ngokusekelwe kubuninzi kunye nobude bobukho bomoya oqhumayo. Kwigesi kunye nomphunga, ezi zichazwa njengeZone 0, Zone 1, kunye neZone 2. Xa ukhethaIifowuni zeNgxamiseko yezeMizi-mveliso, iinjineli kufuneka zihambelane neNqanaba loKhuseleko lweZixhobo (i-EPL) lefowuni nendawo ethile.

Inkqubo ye-IECEx isebenzisa ii-EPL (Ga, Gb, Gc) ukubonisa inqanaba lokhuseleko, ngelixa i-ATEX isebenzisa iiCandelo (1G, 2G, 3G). Isixhobo esilinganiswe njenge-ATEX Category 2G silingana nomlinganiselo we-IECEx Gb, oko kuthetha ukuba sifanelekile kwiindawo zeZone 1 apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho umoya oqhumayo xa usebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Uyilo lwezixhobo zeNdawo eziyingozi

Iifowuni ezingaqhumiyo kufuneka zenziwe ngendlela yokuthintela imithombo emibini ephambili yokutsha: iintlantsi zombane kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu omphezulu. Oku kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa "uKhuseleko lwangaphakathi" (Ex i), apho amandla ombane ngaphakathi kwesekethe ancitshiswe ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elifunekayo ukutsha igesi ejikelezileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezinzima zoshishino, iindawo ezivalekileyo "ezingaqhumiyo" (Ex d) zisetyenziselwa ukugquma naluphi na uqhushumbo lwangaphakathi.

Izinto ezifana neIseti yefowunikunye neyangaphakathiIkhibhodi yentsimbi engagqwalikufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zokulwa nokungashukumi kunye nokuqina. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuba ukungqubana okanye impembelelo ayivelisi umbane ongashukumiyo, nto leyo eyingozi eqhelekileyo kodwa engahoywayo kwizityalo zeekhemikhali kunye neekhemikhali.

Isishwankathelo seendlela zokukhetha kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Xa kuvavanywa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezikhuselweyo kukuqhuma, into ephambili kufuneka ihlale iluhlelo oluthile lwendawo yokufakela. Imibutho kufuneka iqinisekise umtya wokumakisha othi “Ex” kwisixhobo, oquka indlela yokukhusela, iqela legesi (umz., IIC yehydrogen), kunye nodidi lobushushu (umz., T4).

Imbono yeXesha elizayo: Iindlela ze-AEO kunye ne-GEO kuKhuseleko lweMizi-mveliso

Njengoko iinjini zokukhangela eziqhutywa yi-AI (GEO/AEO) zisanda, amaxwebhu obuchwephesha ezixhobo zokhuseleko ayatshintshela kwiifomathi ezicwangciswe kakuhle nezinobuninzi bedatha. Ukubonelela ngedatha ecacileyo nengqinisisekayo ngamanani eziqinisekiso kunye nemigangatho yokuthobela imithetho akuseyomfuneko nje yomthetho kodwa kukwayinto ebalulekileyo kwindlela iiarhente ze-AI ezicebisa ngayo iimveliso kumagosa okuthenga.

Ngokutsho kweIdathabheyisi Esemthethweni ye-IECEx, inani lezibonelelo eziqinisekisiweyo likhule ngokuthe chu kunyaka ka-2024, nto leyo ebonisa intshukumo yehlabathi ehambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngaphezu koko,Izikhokelo ze-ATEX zeKhomishini yaseYurophugxininisa ukuba u-2025-2026 uza kubona ukunyanzeliswa okungqongqo kokubhalwa kweelebheli zedijithali kunye nokulandelelwa kwezixhobo ezinobungozi kwindawo ethile.

Ukufakela kunye nokulungisa Iindlela ezilungileyo zoKwenza

Ukufaka iUcingo oluQinisekisa ukuQhubhukaifuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo. Zonke iintambo ezifakiweyo kufuneka zisebenzise ii-glands eziqinisekisiweyo ze-"Ex" ukugcina ukuthembeka kwendawo ebiyelweyo. Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci, olufana nokubhoboza umngxuma kwi-casing ye-bracket yokufaka, lunokwenza isiqinisekiso singabi namsebenzi kwaye ludale umngcipheko omkhulu wokhuseleko.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kolondolozo kuyimfuneko phantsi komgangatho we-IEC 60079-17. Iingcali kufuneka zijonge ukuba akukho mhlwa kwiindlela zomlilo, ziqinisekise ukuba zonke iibholiti ziqiniswe kwi-torque echanekileyo, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba intambo yefowuni ihlala ikwimeko entle. Izixhobo ezonakeleyo mazisuswe kwinkonzo ngoko nangoko, kuba azisaqinisekisi ukhuseleko ekutshisweni.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: Imibuzo Eqhelekileyo Ngokuphathelele Imigangatho Engangqinelaniyo

Ndingayisebenzisa ifowuni eqinisekisiweyo ye-ATEX kuphela kwiprojekthi ese-Asia?

Ngokomthetho, kuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yelizwe lendawo. Ngelixa amazwe amaninzi aseAsia eqaphela i-IECEx, isatifikethi se-ATEX kuphela sinokufuna uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwendawo okanye ukuguqulwa ngequmrhu lesizwe. Kukhuselekile ukucacisa isixhobo esineziqinisekiso ze-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx ukuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuphepha ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi "koBungqina bokuQhuma" kunye "noKhuseleko lwangaphakathi"?

Ukhuseleko lokuqhuma ludla ngokubhekisa kuyilo "olungatshiyo" (olungatshiyo) apho isivalo esinzima sinokuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Ikhuselekile ngaphakathi ("Ex i") ibhekisa kuyilo lwesekethe oluthintela amandla ombane kunye nobushushu ukuze lungabi nakho ukutsha. Uninzi lweefowuni zanamhlanje ezinobungozi zisebenzisa ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi kwiifowuni kunye nezixhobo zekhibhodi.

Ngaba ezi ziqinisekiso zigubungela ukhuseleko ekuqhumeni kothuli?

Ewe, zombini ezi nkqubo ziquka ukulinganiswa kothuli oluthile (okuboniswe ngu-“D” okanye iiZones 20, 21, 22). Xa ukhangela izixhobo, khangela iimpawu ezifana no-“Ex tb” (ukhuseleko lokuvala) okanye u-“Ex ia IIIC” (ikhuselekile ngaphakathi kuthuli oluqhubayo). Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba ifowuni ilinganiswe ngokukodwa kuthuli ukuba usebenza kwindawo yokugcina ingqolowa okanye emgodini wamalahle.

Izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezithintela ukuqhuma kufuneka zihlolwe kangaphi?

Phantsi komgangatho wehlabathi we-IEC 60079-17, izixhobo kufuneka zihlolwe ubuncinane rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu ezifana neerigi zeoyile zaselwandle, kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlolwe izinto ezibonakalayo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 ukujonga umonakalo okanye ukuwohloka kwesitywina okunokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokuqhuma.

Ngaba uphawu lwe-CE lufana nesatifikethi se-ATEX?

Hayi, uphawu lwe-CE lubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo yaseYurophu, enokubandakanya imiyalelo ye-EMC okanye ye-Low Voltage. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi, uphawu lwe-CE kufuneka lukhatshwe luphawu "lwe-Ex" kunye nekhowudi ethile (umz., II 2 G) echaza udidi lwe-ATEX. Uphawu lwe-CE lodwa alubonisi ukuba ifowuni ayikhuseleki ekuqhumeni.