Iindawo zeoyile negesi ezinobungozi zifuna unxibelelwano oluqinisekisiweyo yi-ATEX. Iifowuni zemizi-mveliso ezikhethekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi ndawo ziguquguqukayo. Izisombululo zonxibelelwano ezinganeleyo zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu. Zinokukhokelela ekusileleni okukhulu kwimozulu eqhumayo.Ifowuni ye-ATEXibonelela ngokhuseleko olubalulekileyo. Amashishini axhomekeke kwiIifowuni Ezingavumeli Ukuqhuma (i-ATEX)ukuthintela iingozi. Ezi zixhobo zigcina unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo apho izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zingaphumeleli khona.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Isatifikethi se-ATEX siyimfuneko kwiifowuni kwiindawo zeoyile negesi. Sithintela ukuqhuma kwaye sigcina abasebenzi bekhuselekile.
- Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinobungozi zifuna iifowuni ezithile ze-ATEX. Ezi ndawo zahlulwe ngokwegesi, uthuli, kunye nokuba ingozi ibakho kangaphi.
- Iifowuni ze-ATEX zisebenzisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuthintela ukuqhuma. Ezi ziquka iikheyisi ezinamandla kunye nokunciphisa amandla ombane.
- Iifowuni ze-ATEX ezilungileyo zineempawu ezifana ne-IP ephezulu yamanzi nothuli. Zikwanazo neebhetri ezihlala ixesha elide kwaye ziqhagamshelwa kwezinye iinkqubo zokhuseleko.
- Ukukhetha ifowuni ye-ATEX kuthetha ukujonga iimfuno zakho, ukukhetha umthengisi olungileyo, nokuqinisekisa ukuseta nokunyamekela okufanelekileyo.
Ukuqonda iSatifikethi se-ATEX se-Oyile neGesi Iifowuni ze-ATEX
Ukuchaza iSatifikethi se-ATEX kunye nobubanzi baso
Isatifikethi se-ATEX sisikhokelo se-European Union. Sichaza iimfuno zezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela kwiindawo ezinokuqhuma. Esi sikhokelo simisela imigangatho ekufuneka abavelisi bayilandele. Siqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kwaye sithintela ukuqhuma kwiindawo eziyingozi ngaphakathi kwe-EU nase-UK. Iimveliso zivavanyelwa ngokuqatha yi-Notified Body, iqela lesithathu elizimeleyo elityunjwe yi-EU. Abavelisi baqokelela kwaye bangenise iifayile zobugcisa, kubandakanya imizobo, izibalo zokhuseleko, kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko. Nje ukuba iqinisekiswe, imveliso ifumana uphawu lwe-CE kunye ne-Ex. ISibhengezo sokuVumelana siyakhutshwa emva koko. Uphawu lwe-'Ex' lubonisa ukufaneleka kwiindawo ezinokuqhuma. Kufuneka lubandakanye ulwazi olongezelelweyo, njengodidi lokhuseleko kunye nohlobo lomoya oqhumayo oluwuphathayo.
Kutheni ukuthobela imithetho ye-ATEX kungaxoxiswana ngako?
Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ATEX kuyimfuneko esemthethweni kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Umyalelo ka-2014/34/EU uyalela ukubaizixhobo zemozulu eziqhumayokufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zempilo nokhuseleko. Isiqinisekiso se-ATEX sibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwale migaqo. Siba yimfuneko esemthethweni kubavelisi kunye nababoneleli abangena kwimarike yaseYurophu. Esi sikhokelo siqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinokubangela ukuqhuma. Sikhusela abasebenzi kunye neempahla kwiziganeko eziyingozi. Ukukhetha ifowuni ye-ATEX kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho ibalulekileyo yokhuseleko.
Imigangatho yeHlabathi: i-ATEX, i-IECEx, kunye ne-North American Equivalents
Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yezixhobo zendawo enobungozi. I-ATEX iyimfuneko kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Yimfuneko kwiinkampani ezisebenza okanye ezithengisa ngaphakathi kweli candelo. I-IECEx sisakhelo esaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Iququzelela urhwebo lwehlabathi kwizixhobo zendawo enobungozi. Imigangatho yaseMntla Melika, njenge-NFPA 70 NEC, iyasebenza eMelika. I-OSHA kunye neeLabhoratri zoVavanyo eziQhelekileyo kuZwelonke (ii-NRTL) zilawula ezi.
Nantsi uthelekiso lwale migangatho iphambili:
| Umgangatho | Ingqwalasela yeJografi | Indlela yokuHlela |
|---|---|---|
| I-ATEX | udibano lwaseyurophu | Iindawo (0/20, 1/21, 2/22) |
| IECEx | Yamazwe Ngamazwe | Iindawo (ezifana ne-ATEX) |
| I-North American (NFPA 70 NEC) | Amazwe Amanyene | Iklasi/iCandelo |
Zombini i-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx zijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezisengozini yokuqhuma. Umahluko wazo ophambili ukwindlela yokuqatshelwa kwendawo kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekiswa ezineenkcukacha. I-IECEx ibonelela ngendlela ehambelanayo nesemgangathweni yokhuseleko lwezixhobo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Oku kukhuthaza urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukwahlulahlula iindawo eziyingozi zokukhetha iifowuni ze-ATEX
Ukukhetha ifowuni ye-ATEX echanekileyo kufuna ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukwahlulwahlulwa kweendawo ezinobungozi. Olu hlu luchaza inqanaba lomngcipheko womoya oqhumayo. Lukhokela ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukwahlulahlula ezi ndawo ziyingozi.
Iindawo zeGesi kunye noMphunga (0, 1, 2)
Kwigesi, umphunga, kunye nenkungu, ukwahlulahlula iindawo ezinobungozi zibe yiZone 0, Zone 1, kunye neZone 2 kuxhomekeke kubuninzi kunye nobude bexesha lomoya oqhumayo. Eli nqanaba lomngcipheko limisela indawo ethile.
- Indawo 0: Indawo inomoya oqhumayo rhoqo okanye ixesha elide. Oku kuquka ingaphakathi leetanki zokugcina okanye iisampulu apho kukho khona ulwelo oluvuthayo.
- Indawo 1: Umoya oqhumayo unokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yokulungiswa, ukulungiswa, okanye ukuvuza. Iindawo ezikufutshane neempompo, iivalvu, okanye iiflanges ezinokuvuza zihlala ziwela kolu didi.
- Indawo yesi-2: Imozulu eqhumayo ayinakwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba iyenzeka, ihlala ixesha elifutshane. Amagumbi okumpompa anomoya ococekileyo okanye iindawo zezityalo ezivulekileyo ecaleni kwezixhobo zeZone 1 yimizekelo.
Iindawo zoThuli (20, 21, 22)
Uthuli oluvuthayo lukwadala iindawo ezinobungozi. Ezi ndawo zahlulwe zibe yiZone 20, Zone 21, kunye neZone 22.
- Indawo 20: Uxinzelelo oluvuthayo lothuli okanye imicu luhlala lukho rhoqo okanye ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo.
- Indawo 21: Ubuninzi obungavuthiyo bothuli okanye imicu etshayo bunokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokulungiswa, ukulungiswa, okanye ngenxa yokuvuza.
- Indawo 22: Uxinzelelo oluvuthayo lothuli okanye imicu alunakwenzeka phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ziyenzeka, zihlala ixesha elifutshane kuphela.
IiCandelo zaseMntla Melika (iCandelo I, II, III; iCandelo 1, 2)
UMntla Melika usebenzisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Le nkqubo ihlela iindawo ngokweeklasi kunye nolwahlulo.
- Iklasi yoku-1Ezi ndawo ziqulathe iigesi okanye imiphunga evuthayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ihydrogen, i-acetylene, umphunga wepetroli, kunye ne-methane.
- Iklasi yesiBiniEzi ndawo ziqulathe uthuli oluvuthayo okanye oluqhuba umbane. Oku kuquka uthuli lwesinyithi, uthuli lomthi, uthuli olusekelwe kwikhabhoni, kunye nothuli lwezinto eziphilayo.
- Iklasi yesi-3Ezi ndawo zinemicu eyaneleyo yokubasa umlilo. Imizekelo ye-cotton lint, i-flax, kunye ne-rayon yi-.
Ngaphaya kweKlasi, iindawo zineCandelo:
- Icandelo 1: Oku kubonisa amathuba aphezulu okutsha. Le nto inobungozi ihlala ikhona rhoqo, ngamaxesha athile, okanye ngamaxesha athile.
- Icandelo lesi-2: Oku kubonisa amathuba aphantsi okuba umlilo uvuthe phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. Imixube evuthelwayo inokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuvuza, ukuchitheka, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo.
Ukucacisa iiParamitha zoKhuseleko lweFowuni ze-ATEX
Ukukhetha izixhobo ze-ATEX ezifanelekileyo kubandakanya ukuqonda iiparameter ezithile zokhuseleko. Ezi parameter ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Zichaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela isixhobo esithintela ngayo ukutsha.
Ulwahlulo lwamaqela eGesi noThuli
Imigangatho ye-ATEX ihlela izinto eziyingozi ngokwamaqela athile. La maqela amisela uhlobo lwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwindawo ethile. Ahlulahlula iigesi kunye nothuli ngokweempawu zazo zokutsha.
Imigangatho ye-ATEX ihlela amaqela egesi i-IIA, i-IIB, kunye ne-IIC. Oku kusekelwe ekubeni lula ukutsha yintlantsi yombane. Iqela le-IIC liquka izinto ezifana ne-hydrogen. Yeyona itsha ngokulula. Eli qela lifuna iimfuno zokhuseleko eziphezulu. Amaqela othuli i-IIIA, i-IIIB, kunye ne-IIIC ahlulahlula uthuli ngokweempawu zawo. Amaqela e-IIIA kunye ne-IIIB agubungela uthuli olungenakho ukukhupha umoya, njengothuli lomgubo. Olu lunokuba lukhuni okanye lube lukhuni. Iqela le-IIIC lenziwe luthuli oluqhuba umbane, njengothuli lwesinyithi. Oku kubeka ingozi enkulu ngenxa yokuba lunokubangela iisekethe ezimfutshane. Izixhobo ezivunyiweyo zeQela le-IIIC zineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu. Ezi zixhobo zikwafanelekile kwiindawo ezinothuli lwe-IIIA kunye ne-IIIB.
- Amaqela eGesi (Iqela lesiBini):
- I-IIC:Iqela le-acetylene kunye ne-hydrogen.
- IIB:Iqela le-ethylene.
- IIA:Iqela lepropane (ioyile kunye negesi).
- Amaqela othuli (iQela lesi-3):
- IIIC:Uthuli oluqhubayo.
- IIIB:Uthuli olungahambisi mbane.
- IIIA:Iindiza ezivuthayo.
Iqela lesiBini ligubungela imimoya eneegesi eziqhumayo. IIA ibandakanya imimoya equlethe ipropane okanye iigesi/imiphunga enobungozi efanayo. IIB igubungela imimoya eneegesi/imiphunga enobungozi efanayo. IIC ibandakanya imimoya equlethe i-acetylene okanye i-hydrogen okanye imimoya/imiphunga enobungozi efanayo. Iqela lesiBini ligubungela imimoya eneegesi/imiphunga enobungozi efanayo. I-IIIA ibandakanya imimoya eneendiza ezivuthayo. I-IIIB igubungela imimoya eneegesi eziqhumayo. I-IIIC ibandakanya imimoya eneegesi eziqhumayo.
Kubalulekile ukufanisa isiqinisekiso sezixhobo neqela elithile legesi elikhoyo kwindawo enobungozi. Iigesi ezahlukeneyo kunye nomphunga zahlulwe ngokwamaqela athile egesi ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiqela elinye legesi zisenokungafaneleki kwelinye. Umzekelo, uyilo lwezixhobo zeQela I kwiindawo zemigodi. Iqela II leleendawo zoshishino.
| Iqela le-ATEX | Inkcazo | Imizekelo | Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kwiifowuni |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iqela leGesi IIA | Iigesi eziqhuma kancinci | Ipropane, ibutane | Izivalo eziqhelekileyo ezingatshiyo umlilo |
| Iqela leGesi IIB | Iigesi eziqhumayo eziphakathi | Ethylene, MEK | Ukuvalwa okuphuculweyo, iindawo ezivalekileyo eziqinileyo |
| Iqela leGesi IIC | Uninzi lweegesi eziqhumayo | I-hydrogen, i-acetylene | Uyilo oluphambili olungenamlilo, izixhobo ezimelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| Iqela lothuli IIIB | Uthuli olungahambisi umbane | Umgubo, iswekile, uthuli lomthi | Izixhobo ezivalekileyo ezingangeni thuli, amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqokelelwa kothuli |
| Iqela loThuli IIIC | Uthuli oluqhubayo | Uthuli lwe-aluminiyam, uthuli lwamalahle | Amanyathelo okulwa neentlawulo ezingashukumiyo, iindawo ezikhethekileyo zokuvala |
Ukuhlelwa kwe-ATEX kwamaqela egesi nothuli kubalulekile. Kunceda ukuqonda inqanaba lomngcipheko elibangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo eziqhumayo. Ezi zilinganiso zamaqela zihlela izinto ngokusekwe ekuvutheni kwazo, ekuqhubeni kwazo, nakwezinye iimpawu. Zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifunekayo zeefowuni eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX.
Iiklasi zobushushu (ii-T-Ratings) zeefowuni ze-ATEX
Iiklasi zobushushu, okanye ii-T-ratings, zichaza ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu obunokufikelela kwisixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo yi-ATEX. Olu bushushu kufuneka buhlale bungaphantsi kobushushu bokutsha kwemozulu enobungozi ejikelezileyo.
- T1: 450°C ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu
- T2: 300°C ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu
- T3: 200°C ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu
- T4: 135°C ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu
- T5: 100°C ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu
- T6: 85°C ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu
| Iklasi yoBushushu | Ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu |
|---|---|
| T1 | 450°C |
| T2 | 300°C |
| T3 | 200°C |
| T4 | 135°C |
| T5 | 100°C |
| T6 | 85°C |
Ubushushu obujikeleze indawo buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-T-rating efunekayo kwifowuni ye-ATEX. Umzekelo, isixhobo ekuqaleni esilinganiswe yi-T4 kubushushu obujikeleze indawo (Ta) obungama-40 °C sinokubona i-T-class yaso yehla iye kwi-T3. Oku kwenzeka ukuba ubushushu obujikeleze indawo bunyuka bufikelela kuma-60 °C. Oku kubonisa ukuba ubushushu obujikeleze indawo bufuna i-T-class esezantsi (engangqongqo kangako) kwisixhobo esinye. Ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu obukhuselekileyo buyancitshiswa ukuthintela ukutsha.
Amanqanaba oKhuseleko lweZixhobo (ii-EPL)
Amanqanaba oKhuseleko lweZixhobo (ii-EPL) achaza umgangatho wokhuseleko olubonelelwa zizixhobo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abonisa umngcipheko wokuba izixhobo zibe ngumthombo wokutsha.
| I-EPL | Inkcazo | Ukuhambelana kweNdawo | Ezona mpawu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ga | Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, olukhuselekileyo nokuba kukho iimpazamo ezimbini ngaxeshanye. | Indawo 0 (ihlala ikhona imozulu eqhumayo). | Ithintela ukutsha phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko; isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo xa isoloko ichaphazeleka ziigesi eziqhumayo. |
| Gb | Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, olukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nephutha elinye. | Indawo 1 (imozulu enokuqhushumba ngexesha lemisebenzi eqhelekileyo). | Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo kwiingozi ezingalindelekanga; iindawo ezivalekileyo ezingatshiyo kunye nokhuseleko lwangaphakathi. |
| Gc | Ukhuseleko olusisiseko, olukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo; lunokuba namanyathelo ongezelelweyo kwiimeko zempazamo. | Indawo yesi-2 (imozulu engaqhelekanga okanye yexesha elifutshane). | Uyilo lwenzelwe umngcipheko omncinci; lunokucima xa kukho ingxaki ukuthintela ukutsha. |
| Ex Da | Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, olukhuselekileyo nokuba kukho iimpazamo ezimbini ngaxeshanye. | Indawo 20 (ihlala ikho amafu othuli oluqhumayo). | Uyilo olukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi; izivalo ezivaliweyo ukuthintela ukungena kothuli. |
| I-Ex Db | Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, olukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nephutha elinye. | Indawo 21 (amafu othuli oluqhumayo ayenzeka ngamaxesha athile). | Izivalo ezingangeni uthuli; ukugalelwa komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhupha amanzi angashukumiyo. |
| Ngaphandle kweDc | Ukhuseleko olusisiseko kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo; lusenokungabi nazo ezinye ii-fail-safes. | Indawo 22 (amafu othuli oluqhumayo abonakala okwethutyana kwaye anqabile). | Ubushushu bomphezulu obuncitshisiweyo; ukuthintela ukukhutshwa komoya okungashukumiyo. |
Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo Zokukhusela (Ex d, Ex ia, Ex e)
Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ukuqinisekisaIzixhobo eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEXisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ezi ndlela zithintela ukutsha kwemozulu eqhumayo. Ukuziqonda kunceda ekukhetheni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiingozi ezithile.
Indawo Engatshiyo Ilangatye (Ex d)
Izivalo ezingatshiyo, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-'Ex d', ziindlela zokukhusela eziqinileyo. Ziqulathe ukuqhuma ukuba kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesixhobo. Oku kuthintela ilangatye ukuba lingasasazeki kwindawo ejikelezileyo eqhumayo. Ifowuni ye-ATEX esebenzisa ukhuseleko lwe-Ex d ivumela ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, isivalo akufuneki sivumele ukuqhuma kuphume ngaphandle. Olu yilo lucinga ukuba imimoya eqhumayo ingangena kwindawo egqumayo. Ikwacinga ukuba izixhobo ezingezizo ze-Ex ngaphakathi zinokubangela imithombo yokutsha njengobushushu okanye iintlantsi. Ke ngoko, isivalo kufuneka simelane noxinzelelo lokuqhuma kwangaphakathi.
Indlela ephambili yokhuseleko kwiindawo ezivalekileyo ze-Ex d yindlela yelangabi. Uqhagamshelo loomatshini, olufana noluphakathi kwendawo evalekileyo kunye nesigqubuthelo sayo, lwenza le ndlela. Indlela yelangabi ilawula ukukhululwa koxinzelelo. Icima amalangatye kwaye ipholise iigesi eziphumayo. Oku kuthintela ukutsha okwesibini ngaphandle kwendawo evalekileyo. Ukonakala kwendlela yelangabi, njengokuqhekeka okanye imikrwelo, kwenza ukhuseleko lungasebenzi. Oku kubeka emngciphekweni ukuqhuma okwesibini ngaphandle kwendawo evalekileyo.
Iingcamango ezintsha kukhuseleko lwe-Ex d ziquka iiphaneli zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nezithinteli zomlilo. Ezi zivumela ukuvalwa okuncinci okuneendonga, kunciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko. Iphaneli yokunciphisa uxinzelelo iyaqhekeka malunga ne-0.1 bar g. Oku kuqondisa iziphumo zokuqhuma kwindalo esingqongileyo. Emva kwephaneli, isihluzo esenziwe ngeengqimba zentsimbi senza imisebenzi emininzi yokhuseleko. Sicima amalangatye kwaye sipholise iigesi zokukhupha umoya. Sikwasasaza uxinzelelo lokuqhuma. Oku kuqinisekisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye neegesi zokukhupha umoya ezipholileyo ziphuma ngaphantsi kobushushu bokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo.
Uyilo lwe-Ex d lukwagxila ekuchithekeni kobushushu. Luthintela ubushushu obuveliswayo ukuba bungafikeleli kubushushu bokutsha kweegesi okanye uthuli. Oku kubandakanya izinki zobushushu, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo eziqhuba ubushushu, okanye uyilo oluphucula ukujikeleza komoya wendalo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kubalulekile. Abavelisi bakhetha izinto ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukumelana noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lokuqhuma. Bakwaqwalasela ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqina kwiindawo ezinzima. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-aluminium, intsimbi engatyiwayo, kunye nee-alloys ezinamandla aphezulu. Izixhobo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho eqinileyo yesatifikethi. Kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi. Imibutho eqinisekisayo yenza uvavanyo olubanzi. Iqinisekisa amandla okumelana nokuqhuma, kubandakanya ukufaneleka kwendlela yomlilo kunye nokuqina kokuvalwa. Iindawo ezivalekileyo ezingatshiyo zifanelekile kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ezineegesi, umphunga, okanye inkungu phantsi kweQela IIA, IIB, kunye ne-IIC.
Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi (Ex ia)
Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi, okanye 'i-Ex ia', yenye indlela eqhelekileyo yokukhusela. Inciphisa amandla ombane kunye nobushushu ngaphakathi kwesekethe. Oku kuthintela iintlantsi okanye iindawo ezishushu ekuvutheni umoya oqhumayo. Izixhobo ze-Ex ia zisebenza kumanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu ombane. Azinakuvelisa amandla aneleyo okubangela ukutsha, nokuba phantsi kweemeko zempazamo. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kwiindawo zeZone 0 kunye neZone 20, apho umoya oqhumayo uhlala ukho.
Ukhuseleko oluKhulisiweyo (Ex e)
Ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo, okanye 'i-Ex e', luthintela ukutsha ngokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ntlantsi okanye iindawo ezishushu ezenzekayo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Le ndlela igxile kulwakhiwo oluqinileyo kunye nezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Isebenzisa umgama omde wokutsha kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo. Ikwasebenzisa ukugquma okuphuculweyo kunye noqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo. Izixhobo ze-Ex e zithintela ukutsha ngokuthintela nawuphi na umthombo wokutsha. Ayinazo ukuqhuma okufana ne-Ex d. Ayithinteli namandla afana ne-Ex ia. Endaweni yoko, ithintela iimeko zokutsha ukuba zingaveli. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ze-Zone 1 kunye ne-Zone 2.
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwiifowuni ze-ATEX zeoyile kunye negesi
Iindawo zeoyile negesi zifuna izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezineempawu ezithile. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo.Iifowuni ze-ATEXukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zinzima.
Ukhuseleko Lokungena (Iireyithingi ze-IP) Zokuhlala ixesha elide
Izilinganiso zoKhuseleko lokuNgena (IP) zibalulekile kwiifowuni ze-ATEX. Umgangatho wehlabathi we-IEC 60529 uchaza ezi zilinganiso. Izilinganiso ze-IP zichaza indlela ebiyelweyo ekhusela ngayo izixhobo zombane. Ikhusela amasuntswana aqinileyo njengothuli, isanti, okanye izixhobo. Ikwakhusela kwizinto ezimanzi ezifana nemvula, ukutshiza, iijethi, okanye ukuntywiliselwa.
Uvavanyo lwe-IP luqulathe oonobumba 'IP' abalandelwa yikhowudi enamanani amabini, umzekelo, i-IP67. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa ukhuseleko kwizinto eziqinileyo. Inombolo yesibini ibhekisa ekukhuselweni kokufuma. U-'X' uthetha ukuba akukho vavanyo lwenziweyo kolo didi.
Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa ukumelana kwento ebiyelweyo nezinto eziqinileyo. Oku kuquka yonke into ukusuka kwiisuntswana zothuli ezilungileyo ukuya kwizinto ezinkulu. Isikali siqala ku-1 ukuya ku-6. Inqanaba loku-1 limele ukhuseleko olusisiseko. Inqanaba lesi-6 libonisa indawo ebiyelweyo engangeni thuli ngokupheleleyo. Le nombolo inika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendlela ebiyelweyo ekhusela ngayo ukungena kwezinto eziqinileyo.
| Idijithi | Inqanaba loKhuselo (Izinto eziqinileyo) | Umzekelo (Izinto eziqinileyo) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Akukho khuseleko | – |
| 1 | Izinto ≥ 50 mm | Ukuthintana ngesandla |
| 2 | Izinto ≥ 12.5 mm | Umnwe |
| 3 | Izinto ≥ 2.5 mm | Izixhobo, iingcingo ezingqindilili |
| 4 | Izinto ≥ 1 mm | Izikrufu, izixhobo ezincinci |
| 5 | Ikhuselwe luthuli | Ukungena kothuli okulinganiselweyo |
| 6 | Iqine uthuli | Itywina yothuli epheleleyo |
Inombolo yesibini ibonisa ukumelana kwento ebiyelweyo nokungena kwamanzi. Le nombolo ibhekiselele kuphela ekukhuselweni emanzini. Ayibandakanyi ezinye izinto ezilulwelo ezifana neoyile okanye i-coolant. Uvavanyo luqala ku-0 ukuya ku-8. Inqanaba 0 libonisa ukungabikho kokhuseleko lwamanzi. Inqanaba 8 libonisa indawo ebiyelweyo engangeni manzi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokuntywiliselwa ixesha elide. Le nombolo ixelela abasebenzisi malunga nenqanaba lokuxhathisa amanzi elinikezelwa yindawo ebiyelweyo.
| Idijithi | Inqanaba loKhuseleko (Ulwelo) | Isebenza Nxamnye (noLwelo) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Akukho khuselo kulwelo/ukufuma | |
| 1 | Amanzi athontsizayo | Amanzi athontsizayo (amathontsi awela ngokuthe nkqo) awayi kuba nampembelelo imbi kwinto xa ifakwe kwindawo ethe nkqo kwi-turntable kwaye ijikeleziswa kwi-1 RPM. |
| 2 | Amanzi athontsizayo xa ethambekile kwi-15° | Amanzi athontsizayo ngokuthe nkqo akayi kuba nampembelelo imbi xa into ithambekile kwi-engile ye-15° ukusuka kwindawo yayo eqhelekileyo. |
| 3 | Ukutshiza amanzi | Amanzi awela njengesitshizi nangayiphi na i-engile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60° ukusuka ethe nkqo awayi kuba nampembelelo imbi, esebenzisa nokuba: a) isixhobo esitshintshayo okanye b) Impumlo yesitshizi enesikhuselo esichaseneyo. |
| 4 | Ukutshiza amanzi | Ukutshiza kwamanzi nxamnye nento evela nakweyiphi na indlela akuyi kuba namiphumo mibi, kusetyenziswa nokuba: a) isixhobo esitshintshayo okanye b) Impumlo yokutshiza engenasikhuselo. |
| 5 | Iijethi zamanzi | Iijethi eziphantsi koxinzelelo |
| 6 | Iijethi ezinamandla | Amanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| 7 | Ukuntywiliselwa okwethutyana | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 m, imizuzu engama-30 |
| 8 | Ukuntywiliselwa rhoqo | Ubunzulu kunye nexesha elichazwe ngumvelisi |
| 9K | Iijethi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezinobushushu obuphezulu | Ukucoca kwimizi-mveliso |
Kwiindawo zeoyile negesi, ingakumbi amaqonga okumba angaphandle kolwandle, kucetyiswa umlinganiselo we-IP68 okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwiindawo zokusebenza ezimanzi okanye ezinothuli. Iifowuni ezininzi ze-ATEX zoshishino zikwanomlinganiselo wokusingqongileyo we-IP67 kunye nee-NPT conduit entries okanye iintlobo zokhuseleko lwe-IP66 ngokwe-EN60529. Olu mgangatho luqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo simelana neemeko ezinzima.
Ukuqina kunye nokuchasana nokusingqongileyo
Izakhiwo zeoyile negesi zineemeko ezinzima kakhulu. Iifowuni kwezi ndawo zifuna ukuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokusingqongileyo. Abavelisi basebenzisa izixhobo ezithile kunye neendlela zokwakha ukufezekisa oku.
- Izixhobo zoMzimba kunye neSingxobo:I-alloy ye-aluminiyam enganyangekiyo ngumhlwa, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-SMC (i-Sheet Molding Compound), kunye ne-heavy metal zibonelela ngolwakhiwo oluqinileyo.
- Iindabo ezivalekileyo:Izivalo eziqinileyo, ezidla ngokwenziwa nge-aluminium ephothiweyo okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo, ziqulathe ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Zithintela ukuqhuma oku ekuvutheni iigesi zangaphandle.
- Ukutywina:Ukuvalwa okukhethekileyo, kuquka iindlela zomlilo okanye izitywini ze-labyrinth, kuyapholisa kwaye kususe ubushushu obuvela kwiigesi eziphumayo ngexesha lokuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Kukwathintela ukungena kothuli, amanzi, nezinto ezirhabaxa.
- Ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi:Izixhobo zenzelwe ukunciphisa amandla ombane angaphantsi kwamanqanaba okutsha kwiigesi okanye umphunga ovuthayo. Oku kuthintela iintlantsi okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo.
- Izixhobo ezitywiniweyo:Iimayikrofoni, izithethi, kunye neentambo zivalwe. Oku kuthintela ukungena kothuli, ukufuma, kunye nezinto ezirhabaxa.
- Izinto Ezingavuthiyo:Yonke inxalenye yangaphakathi ikhethwe okanye yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba ingatshisi. Oku kuquka iisekethe ezinamandla aphantsi, izinto ezibuthathaka ezifakwe ngaphakathi, amaqhosha kunye neengcingo.
- Iifowuni ezirhabaxa:Iifowuni zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana neemeko ezinzima kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni.
- Uvavanyo lweNdalo:Uvavanyo lwe-IP66/IP68/IP69K luqinisekisa ukumelana nothuli namanzi. Uvavanyo lwe-NEMA 4X/6 lubonelela ngokhuseleko ekungeneni kwamanzi, ukugqwala, kunye nokuntywiliselwa okwethutyana.
- Ukhuseleko lweMpembelelo:Ukhuseleko lwempembelelo ye-IK10 luqinisekisa ukuqina kwimpembelelo ebonakalayo.
Olu khetho loyilo luqinisekisa ukuba ifowuni isebenza ngokuthembekileyo. Lukwakhusela abasebenzi kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu nezinokuba yingozi.
Iimpawu zoNxibelelwano kunye nokuHlanganisa iNkqubo
Iifowuni ze-ATEX zanamhlanje zibonelela ngeempawu zonxibelelwano eziphambili. Zikwadityaniswa ngokulula kwiinkqubo zezixhobo ezikhoyo. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
Iifowuni eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX zixhasa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano. Iimodeli ezininzi zixhasa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ze-Voice over IP (VoIP). Oku kuquka iSession Initiation Protocol (SIP). Oku kuhambelana kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwiinethiwekhi zonxibelelwano zanamhlanje ezisekelwe kwi-IP. Unxibelelwano lwe-analog lukwafumaneka kwiinkqubo ezindala.
Ukudibanisa iifowuni ze-ATEX neenkqubo zeDilesi yoLuntu kunye neAlarm Jikelele (i-PAGA) kunika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo:
- Ukuphucula Amandla oNxibelelwano oluNgxamisekileyo: Ukudibanisa kuqinisa unxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo. Inkqubo ye-PAGA isasaza imiyalezo ngokuzenzekelayo xa i-alamu ikhala. Abasebenzi basebenzisa iifowuni ze-ATEX ukuxela iinkcukacha okanye ukucela uncedo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukwabelana ngokukhawuleza ngolwazi olubalulekileyo.
- Ukuphucula iiProtokholi zoKhuseleko kunye neempendulo: Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zikhokelela kukhuseleko olungcono. Zilumkisa amaqela athile ngoko nangoko ngempendulo edibeneyo. Umzekelo, zikhupha abasebenzi xa kuvuza igesi. Amaqela okulungisa afumana izilumkiso ezithe ngqo.
- Ukufezekisa ukuThotyelwa kweMithetho yoLawuloUkudibanisa iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunceda amaziko ukuba ahlangabezane nemigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo. Kubonisa iinkqubo ezingxamisekileyo eziqinileyo kwabasemagunyeni. Oku kunceda nasekuphepheni izohlwayo.
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi: Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zenza kube lula ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla. Abasebenzi babika ngokukhawuleza imiba evela nakweyiphi na indawo besebenzisa iifowuni ze-ATEX. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Kwenza kube lula nezibhengezo eziqhelekileyo ngenkqubo ye-PAGA.
- Ukuqonda Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kweendleko Ngokudibanisa: Ukuseta kokuqala kuneendleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlanganiswa konga imali ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuthintela ukuthenga iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ezingahambelaniyo. Kunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa. Kusenokufuna uqeqesho oluncinci lwabasebenzi.
Ezi zisombululo zonxibelelwano ezidibeneyo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwiindawo zeoyile negesi.
Iinketho zamandla kunye nezinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa udlala ibhetri
Umbane othembekileyo ubalulekile kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano kwiindawo zeoyile negesi. Ezi ndawo zihlala zingenazo iindawo zokutshaja ezilula. Ke ngoko, iifowuni eziqinisekisiweyo yi-ATEX zifuna izisombululo zombane eziqinileyo. Kufuneka zibonelele ngobomi bebhetri obude. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo ngexesha lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kunye neengxakeko.
Umthamo webhetri yeyona nto iphambili kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, umthamo webhetri oyi-4000mAh ubuncinci. Iifowuni ezininzi eziqinileyo zangaphandle ngoku zinomthamo oyi-10,000mAh nangaphezulu. Ezi bhetri zinkulu zibonelela ngexesha elide lokusebenza.
Abasebenzisi banokulindela ukusebenza kwebhetri okwahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiipateni zokusetyenziswa. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza ulindelo oluqhelekileyo:
| Uphawu | Uluhlu/Ulindelo |
|---|---|
| Umthamo webhetri | 4000–10000 mAh |
| Ixesha Lokulinda | Ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-72 nangaphezulu |
| Ukusetyenziswa Okuphakathi | Iiyure ezingama-48–72 |
| Ukusetyenziswa Kakhulu | Usuku olupheleleyo |
| Ukusetyenziswa Okuqhubekayo | Iintsuku ezimbalwa (kwezinye iimodeli ezidlula i-5000 mAh) |
Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukuba ibhetri ihlale ixesha elide kwezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo. Abavelisi bayila ezi fowuni ukuze zisebenze kakuhle kakhulu.
- Iibhetri ezinomthamo ophezulu, ukusuka kwi-5,000mAh ukuya kwi-10,000mAh, zinkulu kakhulu kunezo zikwiifowuni eziqhelekileyo.
- Iiprosesa ezisebenzisa amandla ombane kakuhle, ezidla ngokuba zii-chipsets zanamhlanje, ezinamandla aphantsi, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhetri.
- Isoftware elungiselelweyo ibandakanya iindlela zokonga amandla kunye nokukhanya okuguquguqukayo. Ezi mpawu zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
- Iindlela zokonga amandla, iiprosesa ezisebenzayo, kunye neziboniso zamandla aphantsi zonke zinegalelo ekwandiseni ixesha lokusebenza.
- Ezinye iiyunithi zixhasa iibhetri ezitshintshwayo ezishushu. Oku kuvumela ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa. Abasebenzi banokuyitshintsha ibhetri ephelelwe ngamandla ngaphandle kokucima isixhobo. Olu phawu lubalulekile kwiinguqu eziqhubekayo nakwiindawo ezikude.
Ukukhetha ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwamandla kuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano luhlala lufumaneka xa lubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ukukhetha ngobuchule i-ATEX Phone yakho
Ukukhetha isixhobo sonxibelelwano esifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuna ukucingisiswa ngononophelo. Amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele izinto ezininzi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthobela imithetho.
Ukuvavanya Iimfuno Zokusebenza kunye Nemeko-bume
Ukukhetha ifowuni ye-ATEX kuqala ngovavanyo olucokisekileyo. Amashishini kufuneka aqonde iimfuno zawo zokusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Achonga iindawo ezinobungozi apho ifowuni iza kusebenza khona. Oku kuquka ukuhlelwa kwegesi nothuli, iindidi zobushushu, kunye namanqanaba okukhusela izixhobo. Akwaqwalasela iimeko zomzimba. Ezi ziquka amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, ukufuma, izinto ezirhabaxa, kunye nokuba nefuthe elingakanani emzimbeni.
Okulandelayo, amashishini ahlola iimfuno zonxibelelwano. Agqiba ekubeni ayalufuna na unxibelelwano lwelizwi, ukudluliselwa kwedatha, okanye zombini. Akwacinga ngokudityaniswa neenkqubo ezikhoyo ezifana neDilesi kaWonke-wonke kunye neAlarm Jikelele (PAGA). Inani labasebenzisi kunye nendawo efunekayo yokugubungela nazo zidlala indima. Ukuqonda ezi nkcukacha kunceda ukufanisa iimpawu zefowuni nomsebenzi.
Ukukhethwa Kwabathengisi kunye Nokuthembeka Kwemveliso
Ukukhethaumthengisi othembekileyoKubalulekile kwizisombululo zonxibelelwano ze-ATEX. Amashishini kufuneka akhangele abavelisi abanerekhodi eqinileyo. Bavavanya abathengisi ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezininzi eziphambili.
Okokuqala, iziqinisekiso zokuthobela imithetho zibalulekile. Umthengisi othembekileyo uneziqinisekiso ezifana ne-ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU. Bakwanazo ne-ISO 9001 yolawulo lomgangatho kunye ne-ISO 80079 yemozulu eqhumayo. Ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ziquka i-CE, i-NRTL, kunye nophawu loLuntu oluhlukileyo ('Ex' kwihexagon). Kwizixhobo ezikwiZones 0 kunye ne-1, i-Notified Body ivavanya imveliso. Oku kuquka iSatifikethi soHlobo lwe-EU kunye noHlolo loMgangatho (QAN). Ezi ziqinisekiso zibonisa ukunamathela kwimigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye nomgangatho.
Okwesibini, amashishini aqwalasela iindleko zizonke zobunini (i-TCO). Oku kuquka okungaphezulu nje kwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga. Avavanya iindleko zokulungisa, ukuqina, kunye nokuphucula. Iimveliso ezihlangabezana neziqinisekiso zokhuseleko eziphezulu zihlala ixesha elide kwiimeko ezinzima. Imbuyekezo yexesha elide kutyalo-mali (i-ROI) ivela kwixesha lokungasebenzi elinciphileyo kunye neendleko zokulungisa eziphantsi. Ukuthobela imithetho yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Imigangatho iyaguquka, ifuna uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwakhona. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko yenkxaso yabathengisi bexesha elide.
Okwesithathu, abathengisi kufuneka banikele ngenkxaso eqinileyo kubathengi kunye nenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa. Oku kuquka uncedo lobuchwephesha olufumanekayo ngokulula lokufakela kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Imigaqo-nkqubo yewaranti ecacileyo kunye neenkonzo zokulungisa ezisebenzayo nazo zibalulekile. Ukufikelela kwiindawo ezingasetyenziswayo kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwexesha elide. Ababoneleli abathembekileyo banciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Bahlala bebonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho kubasebenzi babathengi. Amashishini kufuneka ahlole ubungqina kunye nezifundo zamatyala. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza komthengisi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Zikwabonisa ulwaneliseko kubathengi.
Ukufakelwa, Ukugcinwa, kunye neNkxaso
Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile kwiifowuni ze-ATEX. Ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza ixesha elide kunye nokuthobela imithetho.
Ukufakelwa kufuna abasebenzi abafanelekileyo. Abantu abafaka izixhobo kufuneka babe noqeqesho lokuthobela i-ATEX. Balandela imiyalelo eneenkcukacha zokufakela enikwe ngumenzi. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokumisa umhlaba kunye nokubopha zithintela ukwakheka kombane ongashukumiyo. Zonke izixhobo, kuquka neefowuni, kufuneka ziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha. Abafaki bayaqonda iimfuno zokwahlulahlula. Bahlulahlula iindawo ezinobungozi ukuze bakhethe izixhobo ezinenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokhuseleko. Bakwasebenzisa imigaqo yoyilo ekhuselekileyo. Oku kunciphisa amandla ombane kunye nobushushu kwiisekethe. Oku kuthintela ukutsha, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu. Abafaki balandela izikhokelo zokubekwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukususwa, kunye nokuqondisa. Baqinisekisa ukufakelwa kweentambo ngokuchanekileyo besebenzisa iintlobo kunye nobukhulu obuchaziweyo beentambo. Oku kuthintela ukutsha okanye ukutshisa kakhulu. Bakwajongana neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, okanye izinto ezirhabaxa. Emva kokufakwa, uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwenkqubo luqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zisebenza njengoko kulindelwe.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo. Amashishini aseka kwaye alandela ngokungqongqo iishedyuli zokuhlolwa rhoqo. Abasebenzi abafanelekileyo benza olu hlolo. Luquka ukujonga okubonakalayo, uvavanyo olusebenzayo, kunye novavanyo olungonakalisiyo. Ukucoca rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kokuthintela kusebenzisa iiarhente kunye neenkqubo ezivunyiweyo. Oku kususa ungcoliseko kwaye kuthintela ukuguguleka. Amashishini agcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zazo zonke ukugcinwa, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokulungiswa. Oku kunceda ngokuthobela, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokuqonda ukusebenza. I-Firmware kunye nesoftware kufuneka zihlale ziqhuba iinguqulelo zamva nje. Oku kuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Iindawo ezigugileyo kufuneka zitshintshwe ngoko nangoko ngamalungu omenzi wokuqala. Oku kugcina ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwesixhobo. Bonke abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bafumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo. Oku kuquka iiparameter zokusebenza, iiprotokholi zokhuseleko, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
Imisebenzi yokulungisa ibandakanya:
- Uhlolo olubonakalayo: Jonga umonakalo obonakalayo, ukugqwala, uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo, kunye nokuvalwa okufanelekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iileyibhile kunye neempawu ziyafundeka.
- Uvavanyo Lokusebenza: Qinisekisa ukuba yonke imisebenzi yesixhobo isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuquka ukujonga amaqhosha, izibonisi, izinzwa, kunye neemodyuli zonxibelelwano.
- Ukuhlolwa kweMpilo yeBhetri: Jonga ubomi bebhetri, imijikelo yokutshaja, kunye nokusebenza kwayo iyonke. Buyisela iibhetri njengoko kucetyisiwe.
- Uhlaziyo lweSoftware/Firmware: Hlaziya rhoqo isoftware yesixhobo kunye ne-firmware ukuze usebenze kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthobela imithetho.
- UkucocaCoca izixhobo usebenzisa iindlela ezivunyiweyo ukuthintela ukwakheka kwezinto ezinokubangela ukhuseleko oluyingozi.
- Ukulinganisa: Lungisa izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nezinzwa rhoqo ukuze kugcinwe ukuchaneka.
- Uhlolo lwamaxwebhu: Gcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo: Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezithile zendalo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo: Hlola iitshaja, iintambo, kunye neekheyisi ukuze ubone ukuba azinamonakalo na.
- Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi: Qinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nokhuseleko lwazo.
Ezi ndlela zihambelana nemigangatho efana ne-IEC 60079-17 yokuhlolwa nokugcinwa. Zikwalandela i-IEC 60079-14 yokukhetha nokufakela. I-IEC 60079-19 ichaza iinkqubo zokulungisa. I-NFPA 70 (NEC) inika izikhokelo zase-US kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ukukhetha ifowuni ye-ATEX kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kweendawo ezinobungozi, iiparameter zokhuseleko, kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo. Ukutyala imali kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezithobelayo nezithembekileyo kunika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zexesha elide. Ezi ziquka ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokubambelela kumthetho. Ukuze ufumane izisombululo ezilungiselelwe wena kunye nesikhokelo seengcali, qhagamshelana neengcali ezifana noJoiwo. Banikezela ngeenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezibanzi zemizi-mveliso ezenzelwe iindawo ezifuna kakhulu.
FAQ
Kuthetha ukuthini isiqinisekiso se-ATEX?
Isatifikethi se-ATEX sibonisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko ye-EU kwimozulu eqhumayo. Siqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezifana neefowuni aziyi kubangela ukutsha kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Oku kukhusela abasebenzi kwaye kuthintela iingozi.
Kutheni iifowuni ze-ATEX zibalulekile kwioyile negesi?
Iindawo zeoyile negesi zinegesi ezivuthayo kunye nothuli. Iifowuni ze-ATEX zithintela iintlantsi okanye ubushushu obunokubangela ukuqhuma. Ziqinisekisa unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, olubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla nakwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Ithini ireyithingi ye-IP kwifowuni ye-ATEX?
Uvavanyo lwe-IP lubonisa ukhuseleko lwefowuni kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo. Umzekelo, i-IP67 ithetha ukuba ayingeni eluthulini kwaye inokumelana nokuntywiliselwa emanzini okwethutyana. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuqina kwiindawo ezinzima.
Iifowuni ze-ATEX zithintela njani ukuqhuma?
Iifowuni ze-ATEX zisebenzisa iindlela ezifana nezivalo ezingatshiyo (Ex d) okanye ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi (Ex ia). I-Ex d iqulethe ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwesixhobo. I-Ex ia inciphisa amandla ukuthintela iintlantsi. Ezi ndlela ziyekisa ukutsha.
Ngaba iifowuni ze-ATEX zinokuqhagamshela kwezinye iinkqubo zonxibelelwano?
Ewe, iifowuni ezininzi ze-ATEX ziyaxhasaIiprotokholi zeVoIP ezifana ne-SIPZingadityaniswa neenkqubo zeNtetho kaWonke-wonke kunye ne-Alarm Jikelele (PAGA). Oku kuphucula impendulo engxamisekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konxibelelwano kwindawo.
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